Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Fe-Mn-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloy—On the Effect of Elevated Platform Temperatures
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
- L-PBF processing at 500 °C leads to crack-free Fe-Mn-Al-Ni bulk samples offering the possibility to fabricate individually designed, near-net-shaped parts by employing only one manufacturing step. This was not achieved so far due to the limited heating capabilities of most L-PBF systems available.
- L-PBF processing leads to a noticeable change in chemical composition of the Fe-Mn-Al-Ni shape memory alloy. Mn is reduced by about 3 at. % upon L-PBF processing.
- It is shown that a strong texture along the <001> direction primarily forms parallel to the build direction. However, the solidification microstructure is somehow affected by the geometry of the processed parts. In the as-built condition, an increase of the diameter leads to a columnar grained microstructure and a strong texture in <001> direction.
- Vicker’s hardness measurements reveal a higher hardness in the as-built condition. This can likely be correlated to the formation of the β-Mn phase promoted by the elevated build platform temperature.
- The application of a cyclic heat treatment promotes abnormal grain growth (AGG) in the L-PBF processed Fe-Mn-Al-Ni.
- The microstructure established by the optimized heat treatment route is characterized by a good shape recovery ratio under tensile loading. However, elementary degradation mechanisms still limit the full potential of the L-PBF processed Fe-Mn-Al-Ni. A relatively fast accumulation of residual strains is seen promoted by prevailing grain constraints.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Composition | Nominal | Powder | As Built |
---|---|---|---|
Ni (at. %) | 7.50 | 7.49 | 7.87 |
Al (at. %) | 15.00 | 15.44 | 15.88 |
Mn (at. %) | 34.00 | 33.21 | 30.81 |
Fe (at. %) | 43.50 | 42.52 | 44.86 |
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Ewald, F.C.; Brenne, F.; Gustmann, T.; Vollmer, M.; Krooß, P.; Niendorf, T. Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Fe-Mn-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloy—On the Effect of Elevated Platform Temperatures. Metals 2021, 11, 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020185
Ewald FC, Brenne F, Gustmann T, Vollmer M, Krooß P, Niendorf T. Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Fe-Mn-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloy—On the Effect of Elevated Platform Temperatures. Metals. 2021; 11(2):185. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020185
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwald, Felix Clemens, Florian Brenne, Tobias Gustmann, Malte Vollmer, Philipp Krooß, and Thomas Niendorf. 2021. "Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processing of Fe-Mn-Al-Ni Shape Memory Alloy—On the Effect of Elevated Platform Temperatures" Metals 11, no. 2: 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/met11020185