Tailoring the Microstructure of an AA5754 Aluminum Alloy by Tuning the Combination of Heat Treatment, Friction Stir Welding, and Cold Rolling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedures and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
- i
- NZ (nugget zone): this region undergoes the greatest plastic deformation and is typically characterized by an equiaxed and recrystallized grain structure;
- ii
- TMAZ (thermo-mechanical affected zone): a zone in which the material has been subjected to both plastic deformation and heating;
- iii
- HAZ (heat-affected zone): a zone in which the welding heat cycle caused alteration of the microstructure and mechanical properties of the material; however, there was no plastic deformation; and
- iv
- PM (parent material): an area that has undergone a weak heat cycle, if none; it is not plastically deformed, and does not show alterations to either the microstructure or mechanical properties.
4. Conclusions
- The application of annealing and cold rolling before and/or after the FSW with condition A parameters (high advancing speed) showed neither remarkable variations nor trends in the microhardness profile of the joining, from the nugget to the parent metal;
- For the samples welded with condition B FSW parameters, the application of the annealing heat treatment before the FSW process rather than after FSW and cold rolling results in an overall softening of the alloy; this is more pronounced on the advancing side of the welded sheet, where the other experimental conditions (FSW, FSW + CR, and FSW + CR + HT) show the highest overall microhardness mean values;
- From a microstructural point of view, the sequence FSW + HT + CR resulted in a significant grain growth throughout the welding joint of both FSW conditions (A and B).
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zn | Cu | Mn | Si | Fe | Mg | Cr | Ti | Ni | Al |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 2.6–3.6 | 0.3 | 0.15 | - | Bal. |
Feature | Value |
---|---|
Shoulder diameter (mm) | 15 |
Cone base diameter (mm) | 3.9 |
Pin height (mm) | 2.3 |
Pin angle (°) | 30 |
Parameter Set | Rotational Speed (rpm) | Welding Speed (mm/min) |
---|---|---|
A | 1800 | 75 |
B | 2400 | 50 |
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Cabibbo, M.; Santecchia, E.; di Pompeo, V.; Gatto, M.L.; Spigarelli, S. Tailoring the Microstructure of an AA5754 Aluminum Alloy by Tuning the Combination of Heat Treatment, Friction Stir Welding, and Cold Rolling. Metals 2022, 12, 1675. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101675
Cabibbo M, Santecchia E, di Pompeo V, Gatto ML, Spigarelli S. Tailoring the Microstructure of an AA5754 Aluminum Alloy by Tuning the Combination of Heat Treatment, Friction Stir Welding, and Cold Rolling. Metals. 2022; 12(10):1675. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101675
Chicago/Turabian StyleCabibbo, Marcello, Eleonora Santecchia, Valerio di Pompeo, Maria Laura Gatto, and Stefano Spigarelli. 2022. "Tailoring the Microstructure of an AA5754 Aluminum Alloy by Tuning the Combination of Heat Treatment, Friction Stir Welding, and Cold Rolling" Metals 12, no. 10: 1675. https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101675