Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques of Metal Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 6739

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DIISM—Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematics, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131 Via Brecce Bianche, Ancona, Italy
Interests: light alloys (aluminum, magnesium, titanium); steels (carbon-steels, HSLA, TRIP, TWIP, stainless-steels, tool-steels); superalloys (Co-based); nanostructured coatings (DLC, N-based, B-based); severe plastic deformation techniques (ECAP, HPT); hot-deformation (creep, hot torsion); TEM; FEGSEM; XRD; nanoindentation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plenty of effort has been devoted to targeting structural materials with optimized mechanical properties, especially in the fields of civil, medical, transportation, piping, aerospace, and energy engineering. Metallic material strength and ductility are two of the most important mechanical properties to be considered when designing these materials to be used for structural purposes.

Important scientific research results and technological achievements have been obtained to produce metallic materials with a high strength and high ductility at the same time.

To obtain materials with a high strength and high ductility, significant changes of the microstructure are mandatory. In this respect, a drastic reduction of the metallic alloy grain size, possibly down to a nanoscale level, was shown to possess a good combination of high stress and high ductility, without sacrificing their specific strength.

Based on this, in the past three decades, many methods have been introduced to produce ultra-fine grain (UFG) and even nano-structured (NS) metallic materials and alloys. All of the different proposed and characterized methods can be classified into two major approaches—bottom-up and top-down. In the bottom-up approach, the refining processes start from powdered materials, that is, the metal constituents, and nano-particulate or nano-size powdered metallic materials are bonded and blended together to form NS bulk solids. In the top-down approach, the refining processes start from bulk conventional grain metallic materials that are effectively refined by heavily imposed shear strain to ultimately form UFG, and even NS metallic materials and alloys.

Scope of the present Issue is to promote a collection of the latest research works and results on both the severe plastic deformation (SPD) techniques and approaches: bottom-up and top-down. This Issue aims at providing an overview of the state of the art of SPD techniques and achievements for different metallic materials and alloys.

Prof. Dr. Marcello Cabibbo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • severe plastic deformation (SPD)
  • ultra-fine grain (UFG)
  • nano-structured (NS)
  • metallic materials and alloys
  • top-down approach
  • bottom-up approach
  • equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP)
  • hot-pressure torsion (HPT)

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 33856 KiB  
Article
Influence of Microstructure on the Mechanical and Corrosion Response of a Friction Stir-Extruded WE43 Magnesium Rod
by Maryam Al-Buainain, Vasanth C. Shunmugasamy, Chaudhry A. Usman and Bilal Mansoor
Metals 2023, 13(2), 191; https://doi.org/10.3390/met13020191 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1837
Abstract
Friction stir extrusion (FSE) was used with WE43 Mg to create a rod with a hybrid microstructure. The rod’s electrochemical corrosion response was characterized in Hank’s balanced salt solution at 37 ± 1 °C. The rod showed refined grains near the edge, while [...] Read more.
Friction stir extrusion (FSE) was used with WE43 Mg to create a rod with a hybrid microstructure. The rod’s electrochemical corrosion response was characterized in Hank’s balanced salt solution at 37 ± 1 °C. The rod showed refined grains near the edge, while coarse grains were observed at the rod center. A larger fraction of precipitates was observed near the edge possibly hindering grain growth. The refined grains and the presence of a larger fraction of precipitates in the edge regions resulted in higher hardness owing to a confluence of precipitate hardening and solid–solution strengthening. Texture analysis of the rod cross-section exhibited a basal texture, perpendicular to the extrusion direction and populating the rod’s outer surface. In compression, the rod showed a near-base material yield strength (225.6 MPa) and a good combination of compressive strength (357.5 MPa) and ductility (~17.7%). The rod’s electrochemical corrosion response was sensitive to variations in the grain size, texture, and precipitate distribution between the rod core and edge regions. Removal of the edge region resulted in the formation of a more stable and protective film with an increase in the immersion period. The results from the study establish the ability of the FSE process to tailor the rod microstructure thereby influencing the mechanical properties and corrosion rate of Mg alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques of Metal Alloys)
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10 pages, 3055 KiB  
Article
Tailoring the Microstructure of an AA5754 Aluminum Alloy by Tuning the Combination of Heat Treatment, Friction Stir Welding, and Cold Rolling
by Marcello Cabibbo, Eleonora Santecchia, Valerio di Pompeo, Maria Laura Gatto and Stefano Spigarelli
Metals 2022, 12(10), 1675; https://doi.org/10.3390/met12101675 - 6 Oct 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1909
Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) has now reached a technological impact and diffusion that makes it a common joining practice for several classes of metallic materials. These include light alloys (aluminum, titanium, magnesium), steels, and other metallic alloys. In addition, the combination of FSW [...] Read more.
Friction stir welding (FSW) has now reached a technological impact and diffusion that makes it a common joining practice for several classes of metallic materials. These include light alloys (aluminum, titanium, magnesium), steels, and other metallic alloys. In addition, the combination of FSW with pre- or post-welding heat treatments or plastic deformation, such as cold rolling (CR), can favor minimal necessary plate thicknesses and induce effective alloy strengthening mechanisms that make the FSW joint lines as plate reinforcing zones. Process parameters, such as pin rotation and transverse speed, can be tuned to optimize the mechanical properties of the resulting joint. This work presents a microstructural study of the mechanical response of different sequences of heat treatment, FSW, and CR in a non-age hardened Al-Mg AA5754 alloy. By using polarized optical microscopy and microhardness tests, two FSW conditions were used to fabricate a joint; and were than subjected to different sequences of heat treatment and cold rolling. The results suggest that FSW conditions have a limited effect on the microstructure, while microhardness profiles show a higher variability of the different datasets related to the low welding speed investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques of Metal Alloys)
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19 pages, 11990 KiB  
Article
Influence of High Pressure Sliding and Rotary Swaging on Creep Behavior of P92 Steel at 500 °C
by Petr Kral, Jiri Dvorak, Vaclav Sklenicka, Zenji Horita, Yoichi Takizawa, Yongpeng Tang, Lenka Kunčická, Marie Kvapilova and Marie Ohankova
Metals 2021, 11(12), 2044; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11122044 - 16 Dec 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2041
Abstract
High-pressure sliding (HPS) and rotary swaging (RS) at room temperature were used to form severely deformed microstructures in martensitic creep-resistant P92 steel. The deformed microstructures contained markedly different ratios of low- and high-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs/HAGBs). The application of the RS method, with [...] Read more.
High-pressure sliding (HPS) and rotary swaging (RS) at room temperature were used to form severely deformed microstructures in martensitic creep-resistant P92 steel. The deformed microstructures contained markedly different ratios of low- and high-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs/HAGBs). The application of the RS method, with an imposed equivalent strain of 1.4, led to the formation of a heterogeneous microstructure with a high number of LAGBs, while the HPS method, with an imposed equivalent strain of 7.8, led to the formation of a relatively homogeneous ultrafine-grained microstructure with a significant predominance of HAGBs. Microstructure analyses after creep testing showed that the microstructure of RS- and HPS-processed P92 steel is quite stable, but a slight coarsening of subgrains and grains during creep testing can be observed. Constant load tensile creep tests at 500 °C and initial stresses ranging from 300 to 900 MPa revealed that the specimens processed by HPS exhibited higher creep strength (slower minimum creep rate) and ductility compared to the coarse-grained and RS-processed P92 steel. However, the HPS-processed P92 steel also exhibited lower values of stress exponent n than the other investigated states of P92 steel. For this reason, the differences in minimum creep rates determined for different states decrease with decreasing values of applied stress, and at applied stresses lower than 500 MPa, the creep resistance of the RS-processed state is higher than the creep resistance of the HPS-processed state. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Severe Plastic Deformation Techniques of Metal Alloys)
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