Selection of Operation Conditions for a Batch Brown Seaweed Biosorption System for Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solutions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Reagents
2.2. Analytical
2.3. Preparation of Adsorbent
2.4. Experimental Plan
3. Results
3.1. Determination of Sorption pH
3.2. Biosorbent Determination
3.3. Biosorbent Particle Size Determination
3.4. Mass/Volume Ratio Determination
3.5. Biosorption Kinetics
3.6. Adsorption Isotherm Determination
3.7. Regenerating Reagent Selection
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Brown Seaweed | Cu conc. (mg L−1) | pH | Particle Size (mm) | Biomass/ Volumen (g/L) | Time to Equilibrium (hours) | Temperature (°C) | qmax (mg g−1) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lessonia nigrescens | 7.5–300 | 5 | 0.5–1 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 60.4 | [21] |
Cystoseira sp. | 10–30 | 6 | <0.5 | 0.1 | 2 | 28 | 180.4 | [22] |
Lessonia nigrescens blades | 200–1000 | 3.2 | 5–20 | 1 | 168 | 25 | 56.2 | [7] |
4 | 47.3 | |||||||
Lessonia nigrescens stipes | 200–1000 | 3.2 | 10–15 | 1 | 168 | 25 | 78.8 | [7] |
4 | 218.7 | |||||||
Sargassum tenerrimum | 10–50 | 5 | 0.2–0.5 | 10 | 24 | 28 | 39.8 | [23] |
Iyengaria stellata | 10–50 | 5 | 0.2–0.5 | 10 | 24 | 28 | 46.3 | [23] |
Lobophora variegata | 10–50 | 5 | 0.2–0.5 | 10 | 24 | 28 | 38.0 | [23] |
Cystoseira indica | 10–50 | 5 | 0.2–0.5 | 10 | 24 | 28 | 30.9 | [23] |
Sargassum cinereum | 10–50 | 5 | 0.2–0.5 | 10 | 24 | 28 | 34.0 | [23] |
Durvillaea antarctica | 7.5–300 | 5 | 0.5–1 | 1 | 2 | 20 | 91.5 | [20] |
Sargassum filipendula | 19–265 | 4.5 | 0.855 | - | - | 20 | 84.1 | [24] |
Sargassum sinicola | 2–256 | - | 0.2–0.5 | 10 | 24 | - | 116.6 | [25] |
Fucus serratus | 0.6–25 | 5.5 | 0.355–0.5 | 0.09 | 8 | 20 | 101.8 | [26] |
Fucus vesiculosus | 10–150 | 5 | <0.5 | 0.5 | 2 | 23 | 105.5 | [27] |
Sargassum sp. | 20–500 | 5.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 3 | 22 | 72.5 | [28] |
Sargassum sp. | - | 6 | <0.325 | 2 | 4 | 22 | 84.0–86.9 | [29] |
Fucus spiralis | 10–150 | 4 | <0.5 | 0.5 | 2 | - | 70.9 | [30] |
Ascophyllum nodosum | 10–150 | 4 | <0.5 | 0.5 | 2 | - | 58.8 | [30] |
Sargassum sp. | - | 5 | 0.5–0.8 | 1 | 6 | 22 | 62.9 | [31] |
Padina sp. | - | 5 | 0.5–0.8 | 1 | 6 | 22 | 72.4 | [31] |
Sargassum vulgare | 10–250 | 4.5 | 1–4 | 2 | 6 | 22 | 59.1 | [32] |
Sargassum fluitans | 10–150 | 4.5 | 1–4 | 2 | 6 | 22 | 50.8 | [32] |
Sargassum filipendula | 10–250 | 4.5 | 1–4 | 2 | 6 | 22 | 56.6 | [32] |
Model Type | Equation | Parameter Description |
---|---|---|
Kinetic model | ||
Pseudo first order Lagergren | qt (mg g−1) is the adsorbate retention in time t, qeq (mg g−1) is the adsorbate retention in equilibrium, kad (min−1) is the adsorption first order constant and t (min) is the time. | |
Pseudo second order Ho & McKay | k (g mg−1 min−1) is the second order adsorption constant. | |
Isotherm model | ||
Freundlich | k is the Freundlich capacity parameter and 1/n is the Freundlich intensity parameter. | |
Langmuir | qm is the maximum concentration of the metal on the biomass (mg metal g−1 dry biosorbent), b is a coefficient related to the affinity between the biosorbent and the metal, high values of b indicate a high affinity for the biosorbent and show a steep initial slope in the isotherm plot (L mg−1). | |
Sips | (L mg−1) is the equilibrium constant and ns (-) is the model exponent. | |
Brunauer, Emmett and Teller | qm is the maximum adsorbate retention in the monolayer (mg g−1), k1 is the equilibrium constant of adsorption in the first layer (L mg −1), k2 is the equilibrium constant of adsorption in upper layers (L mg−1) and n is the number of adsorption layers estimated. |
Experimental Run | Cu conc. | M/V Ratio | Particle Size | Time min | Biosorbent | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mg L−1 | g L−1 | mm | ||||
pH determination | 2 | 10 | 4.00–5.66 | 30 | D. Antarctica | 3.0–3.5 |
60 | 4.5–5.0 | |||||
120 | L. trabeculata | |||||
Biosorbent determination | 30 | 10 | 4.00–5.66 | 30 | D. Antarctica | 4.5–5.0 |
100 | 60 | |||||
120 | L. trabeculata | |||||
300 | ||||||
1440 | ||||||
Regenerating reagent determination | 100 | 10 | 4.00–5.66 | 10 | D. antarctica | 4.5–5.0 |
20 | ||||||
30 | ||||||
120 | ||||||
Biosorbent particle size | 10 | 20 | 4.00–5.66 | 360 | D. antarctica | 4.5–5.0 |
100 | 3.36–4.00 | |||||
1.70–3.36 | ||||||
0.43–1.70 | ||||||
M/V Ratio | 10 | 10 | 1.70–3.36 | 1440 | D. antarctica | 4.5–5.0 |
100 | 20 | |||||
40 | ||||||
Biosorption kinetics | 10 | 10 | 1.70–3.36 | 5 | D. antarctica | 4.5–5.0 |
100 | 10 | |||||
20 | ||||||
30 | ||||||
60 | ||||||
120 | ||||||
360 | ||||||
720 | ||||||
Adsorption isotherm | 10 | 10 | 1.70–3.36 | 360 | D. antarctica | 4.5–5.0 |
25 | ||||||
50 | ||||||
75 | ||||||
100 |
Experimental Run | Particle Size Range mm | Initial Cu Concentration mg L−1 | |
---|---|---|---|
10 | 100 | ||
Retention Capacity mg g−1 | |||
T4 | 4.00–5.66 | 0.371 ± 0.014 | 2.372 ± 0.031 |
T3 | 3.36–4.00 | 0.325 ± 0.013 | 2.531 ± 0.044 |
T2 | 1.70–3.36 | 0.358 ± 0.013 | 2.681 ± 0.051 |
T1 | 0.43–1.70 | 0.312 ± 0.015 | 2.657 ± 0.055 |
Model | Initial Cu Concentration mg L−1 | Model | Initial Cu Concentration mg L−1 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ho & Mckay | 10 | 100 | Lagergren | 10 | 100 |
qeq mg g−1 | 0.585 ± 0.009 | 6.513 ± 0.077 | qeq mg g−1 | 0.589 ± 0.005 | 6.202 ± 0.041 |
k g mg−1 min−1 | 0.076 ± 0.002 | 0.035 ± 0.001 | kad min−1 | 0.024 ± 0.001 | 0.145 ± 0.002 |
R2 | 90.6% | 95.8% | R2 | 81.6% | 89.9% |
Model | Parameters (Units in Table 2) | Residuals Sum of Squares | Determination Coefficient R2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Freundlich | k | 0.021 | 1.247 × 10−1 | 99.34% |
n | 0.613 | |||
Langmuir | qm | −47.29 | 2.115 | 88.75% |
b | −0.00254 | |||
Sips | qm | 623.4 | 1.247 × 10−1 | 99.33% |
3.303 × 10−5 | ||||
1.638 | ||||
BET | qm | 3.955 | 7.010 × 10−3 | 99.96% |
k1 | 2.969 × 10−2 | |||
k2 | 2.821 × 10−2 | |||
n | 11.08 |
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Hansen, H.K.; Gutiérrez, C.; Valencia, N.; Gotschlich, C.; Lazo, A.; Lazo, P.; Ortiz-Soto, R. Selection of Operation Conditions for a Batch Brown Seaweed Biosorption System for Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solutions. Metals 2023, 13, 1008. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061008
Hansen HK, Gutiérrez C, Valencia N, Gotschlich C, Lazo A, Lazo P, Ortiz-Soto R. Selection of Operation Conditions for a Batch Brown Seaweed Biosorption System for Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solutions. Metals. 2023; 13(6):1008. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061008
Chicago/Turabian StyleHansen, Henrik K., Claudia Gutiérrez, Natalia Valencia, Claudia Gotschlich, Andrea Lazo, Pamela Lazo, and Rodrigo Ortiz-Soto. 2023. "Selection of Operation Conditions for a Batch Brown Seaweed Biosorption System for Removal of Copper from Aqueous Solutions" Metals 13, no. 6: 1008. https://doi.org/10.3390/met13061008