Scoping Review of Thermal Comfort Research in Colombia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- 1
- How much research and scientific documentation on thermal comfort in Colombia is available? (volume);
- 2
- Where, when, and in which context has this information been produced? (origin);
- 3
- What is the focus and influence of this documentation? (emphasis and impact);
- 4
- What aspects of thermal comfort in tropical regions have been studied? (findings);
- 5
- What areas require attention? (gaps in research).
2. Methods
3. Results
3.1. Volume Emphasis and Impact of the Information
3.2. Origin and Location of the Studies
3.3. Climates and Regions Covered
3.4. Types of Buildings Studied
3.5. Data Collection Tools and Assessment Models for Fieldwork
3.6. Main Findings from the Published Documents
3.7. Main Findings from the Researchers’ Surveys
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Efforts to Minimise Bias Based on [12] | Traditional Literature Review | Systematic Review | Scoping Review | This Review |
---|---|---|---|---|
A priori review protocol | No | Yes | Yes (some) | Yes. A Prisma diagram of information flow used |
PROSPERO registration of the review protocol | No | Yes | No | No |
Explicit, transparent, peer reviewed search strategy | No | Yes | Yes | Yes. 4 different reviewers, who specialised in this subject, took part in the review process to reduce error and increase reliability. |
Standardised data extraction forms | No | Yes | Yes | Yes. Mendeley reference manager and Excel pivot tables were used for recording, classifying, and coding all documents. |
Mandatory Critical Appraisal (Risk of Bias Assessment) | No | Yes | No | No |
Synthesis of findings from individual studies and the generation of ‘summary’ findings. | No | Yes | No | Yes. Data is extracted and presented in a structured way through |
General Information | Title | Study Features | Research type |
Date | Case studies | ||
Main author | City/region studied | ||
Other authors or collaborators | Fieldwork’s starting date | ||
Affiliation (University) | Fieldwork’s Finish date | ||
Affiliation (Department) | Duration (months) | ||
Type | Building control | ||
Journal | Building Use | ||
Vol | Building Typology | ||
Publication (city) | Building height (Number storeys) | ||
Publication (country) | No. of Buildings | ||
# References | Research methodology | ||
Impact | Field-Weighted Citation Impact | Analysis method | |
Citations (Search date March/2020) | # Citations in Scopus | Tools | |
# Citations Google scholar | Equipment location (height) | ||
Content | Abstract | Equipment location in the space | |
Main findings/general conclusions | Sample size (number of people surveyed) | ||
Comfort ranges | Sample size (number of surveys) | ||
Future lines on research identified | Sample size (hours of environmental measurements) | ||
Comfort studied from other perspectives | Sample size (other) | ||
Relation with policy | % of the sample |
Number | Question | Answer Options | |
---|---|---|---|
General Information | G1 | Name of the researcher | |
G2 | Institution | ||
G3 | |||
G4 | Use of personal data authorisation | Yes | |
No | |||
G5 | Research project title | ||
G6 | Date | ||
Objectives and Methodology | O1 | Project’s main objective | To study aspects of thermal comfort in urban spaces |
To study aspects of indoor thermal comfort | |||
To analyse post-occupancy thermal comfort evaluation methods | |||
To analyse thermal comfort evaluation methods at the design stage | |||
To analyse regulations on thermal comfort | |||
Other | |||
O2 | Project’s methodology | Theoretical (e.g., literature review, databases, secondary information) | |
Practical (e.g., fieldwork, on-site measurements, interviews) | |||
Theoretical—practical | |||
Other | |||
O3 | Use of cases studies | Yes | |
No | |||
O4 | Number of cases | ||
O5 | Building typology (case studies) | ||
O6 | Location (case studies) | ||
O7 | Data collection methods | Measurement of environmental conditions on-site (e.g., temperature, relative humidity, airspeed) | |
Occupant surveys | |||
Simulations with specialised software | |||
Existing databases | |||
Other | |||
Analysis Strategies | A1 | Methods or standards used to analyse the information | PMV and PPD model (ASHRAE Standard 55) |
Adaptive model (ASHRAE Standard 55) | |||
Adaptive model (EN Standard 15251) | |||
Griffiths’ method | |||
Other | |||
A2 | The national policy used or consulted | NTC 5316. Environmental Thermal Conditions of Buildings for People (2004) | |
NTC 4595. Planning and Design of School Facilities and Environments (2015) | |||
NTC 6199. Planning and Design of Environments for Early Education in the Framework of Comprehensive Care (2016) | |||
Resolution 0549 of 2015—Ministry of Housing | |||
None | |||
Other | |||
A3 | Comfort levels achieved by the analysed spaces | All or most of the spaces were within the comfort ranges with the analysis models used | |
None or very few spaces were within the comfort ranges with the analysis models used | |||
The results were very varied, depending on the method used | |||
Other | |||
A4 | Causes of comfort deficiencies when they were found | Design issues | |
Construction materials issues | |||
Building orientation issues | |||
Lack of adaptive opportunities for occupants | |||
Lack of mechanical conditioning or air conditioning | |||
Lack of thermal comfort policies or standards | |||
Other | |||
A5 | Impact of comfort deficiencies when they were found | Occupants’ physical health | |
Occupants’ mental health | |||
Occupants’ productivity | |||
The need for mechanical conditioning | |||
The increase in energy consumption | |||
Building maintenance issues | |||
Other | |||
Results | R1 | General results or conclusions of the research project | |
Publications | P1 | Was the research published? | Yes |
No | |||
P2 | Publication details | Author | |
Date | |||
Title | |||
Source | |||
DOI or link |
Publication | Year | C. Scopus | FWCI | City/Region Studied | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Article in Indexed Journal | |||||
Outdoor thermal comfort in a hot and humid climate of Colombia: A field study in Barranquilla | 2014 | 59 | 3.75 | Barranquilla | [14] |
A field study of indoor thermal comfort in the subtropical highland climate of Bogota, Colombia | 2015 | 17 | 2.36 | Bogotá | [15] |
The environmental design of working spaces in equatorial highlands zones: The case of Bogotá, buildings | 2015 | 3 | 0 | Bogotá | [16] |
Review of energy-efficient features in vernacular architecture for improving indoor thermal comfort conditions | 2016 | 32 | 0.61 | Tropics | [17] |
Thermal comfort and satisfaction in the context of social housing: Case study in Bogotá, Colombia | 2019 | 1 | 0.43 | Mosquera | [18] |
Thermal comfort assessment in naturally ventilated offices located in a cold tropical climate, Bogotá | 2019 | 4 | 2.81 | Bogotá | [19] |
Suitability of Passivhaus design for housing projects in Colombia | 2019 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá, Barranquilla | [20] |
The importance of standardised data-collection methods in the improvement of thermal comfort assessment models for developing countries in the tropics | 2019 | 1 | 0.66 | Bogotá | [21] |
Urban form and population density: Influences on Urban Heat Island intensities in Bogotá, Colombia | 2019 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá | [22] |
A post-occupancy strategy to improve thermal comfort in social housing in a tropical highland climate: A case study in Bogotá, Colombia | 2019 | 0 | 0 | Mosquera | [23] |
Classroom-comfort-data: A method to collect comprehensive information on thermal comfort in school classrooms | 2019 | 2 | 0.64 | Bogotá | [24] |
Indoor thermal comfort review: The tropics as the next frontier | 2019 | 4 | 1.89 | Tropics | [25] |
Article Other Journals | |||||
Simulaciones ambientales aplicadas a la selección de materiales para el diseño de alojamientos temporales en climas tropicales | 2014 | 0 | 0 | Girardot, Bogotá | [26] |
Calidad de vida en la vivienda social de San Andrés, Colombia, mediante la gestión bioclimática de flujos de aire | 2015 | 0 | 0 | San Andrés | [27] |
Ventajas del uso de fachada ventilada en Girardot (Colombia). Un complemento tecnológico a fachadas modulares industrializadas | 2015 | 0 | 0 | Girardot | [28] |
Evaluación de las condiciones térmicas ambientales del área de producción en una panadería en Cereté (Córdoba) | 2016 | 0 | 0 | Cereté | [29] |
Ventilación pasiva y confort térmico en vivienda de interés social en clima ecuatorial | 2017 | 0 | 0 | Cali | [30] |
Confort térmico en viviendas de Medellín | 2019 | 0 | 0 | Medellín | [31] |
Thermal comfort in buildings for wet processing of coffee | 2019 | 0 | 0 | Medellín | [32] |
Evaluación del mejoramiento del confort térmico con la incorporación de materiales sostenibles en viviendas en autoconstrucción en Bosa, Bogotá, Colombia | 2019 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá | [33] |
Indoor thermal comfort in the tropics | 2019 | 0 | 0 | Tropics | [34] |
Climatización sostenible para vivienda de interés social, en zonas cálidas de Colombia | 2019 | 0 | 0 | Girardot | [35] |
Book | |||||
Comodidad ambiental en las aulas escolares: incidencia en la salud docente y en el rendimiento cognitivo de los estudiantes en colegios públicos de Bogotá, Medellín y Cali | 2018 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá, Medellín, Cali | [36] |
Conference Paper | |||||
Passive cooling for complex buildings in a humid tropical area-Study case Colombia | 2006 | 1 | 0 | Villavicencio | [37] |
Evaluation of the relationship between natural ventilation and the grouping of five-year-old children in a kindergarten classroom of Medellin | 2012 | 1 | 0 | Medellín | [38] |
Design guidelines for residential envelope openings in the equatorial tropics: Studies in suburban housing in the Cauca Valley of Colombia | 2012 | 1 | 0 | Cali | [39] |
Problemas de confort térmico en edificios de oficinas. Caso estudio: Torre Colpatria en la ciudad de Bogotá | 2012 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá | [40] |
Conductive cooling using underground buried pipes low energy cooling systems for providing comfort to workers in an industrial building | 2012 | 1 | 0 | Armenia | [41] |
Urban energy simulation of a social housing neighbourhood in Bogota, Colombia | 2013 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá | [42] |
Natural ventilation and ground cooling to improve thermal comfort conditions of workers in an industrial building: passive cooling techniques applied in an industrial building | 2013 | 0 | 0 | Cali | [43] |
Contemporary use of earthen techniques in Colombia: Thermal performance of domestic and non-domestic building typologies. | 2013 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá | [44] |
Climate and context adaptive building skins for tropical climates: A review centred on the context of Colombia | 2014 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá, Medellín, Cali | [3] |
Testing a method to assess the thermal sensation and preference of children in kindergartens | 2014 | 0 | 0 | Medellín | [45] |
Eficiencia energética y sostenibilidad en la Vivienda de Interés Social en Colombia | 2015 | 0 | 0 | Cali | [46] |
Study of heat island phenomenon in Andean Colombian tropical city, case of study: Manizales-Caldas Colombia | 2015 | 0 | 0 | Manizales | [47] |
Forecast about energy behavior and the indoor quality of a tower of social dwellings in Bucaramanga (Colombia) | 2016 | 0 | 0 | Bucaramanga | [48] |
Characterization of environmental and energy performance of an average social dwelling in a tropical region of Colombia | 2016 | 0 | 0 | Bucaramanga | [49] |
Population density and urban heat island in Bogotá, Colombia | 2018 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá | [22] |
Evaluación del confort térmico en una institución educativa en la ciudad de Barranquilla | 2018 | 0 | 0 | Barranquilla | [50] |
The development of data-collection methods for thermal comfort assessment in tropical countries | 2019 | 0 | 0 | Bogotá | [51] |
Study | Year | City/Region Studied | Institution | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
PhD Thesis Other Countries | ||||
The influence of courtyards: thermal comfort in Bogota—Colombia | 2017 | Bogotá | Illinois Institute of Technology | [52] |
Optimización del confort térmico en clima ecuatorial con tecnologías pasivas en fachadas: el caso de las viviendas de interés social de Cali | 2018 | Cali | Universidad Nacional de La Plata | [53] |
Master’s Thesis in Colombia | ||||
La evaluación bioclimática en vivienda VIS: un avance hacia la calidad de la vivienda social en Colombia: caso de estudio Bogotá, Colombia | 2017 | Mosquera | Universidad de Los Andes | [54] |
Fachada vegetal en edificaciones tropicales: La doble piel vegetal como filtro térmico y lumínico en edificaciones tropicales de altura | 2018 | Medellín | Universidad de San Buenaventura Colombia | [55] |
Evaluación del confort térmico en la universidad de la costa en la ciudad de Barranquilla | 2018 | Barranquilla | Universidad de La Costa | [56] |
Integración de patios en altura a viviendas masivas de la ciudad de Montería para la optimización del desempeño térmico y lumínico | 2019 | Montería | Universidad de San Buenaventura | [57] |
Confort térmico y calidad del aire, una evaluación cuantitativa post ocupación desde la arquitectura: casos de estudio, tres edificios de oficinas con ventilación natural en Bogotá. | 2019 | Bogotá | Universidad Piloto de Colombia | [58] |
Análisis del comportamiento térmico de las Envolventes de las viviendas Vis en la ciudad de Tunja desde el enfoque de las tecnologías limpias | 2019 | Tunja | Universidad Católica de Colombia | [59] |
Propuesta de intervención de la envolvente de edificaciones existentes: caso de estudio bloque de aulas de una institución educativa | 2019 | Envigado | Universidad de San Buenaventura | [60] |
Specialisation Work in Another Country | ||||
Diagnóstico del funcionamiento bioclimático del Museo de Arquitectura de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Bogotá, diseñado por el arquitecto Leopoldo Rother | 2016 | Bogotá | Universidad Nacional de La Plata | [61] |
Undergraduate Work in Colombia | ||||
El doble acristalamiento como alternativa tecnológica para el mejoramiento en el confort térmico de la vivienda de la Sabana de Bogotá | 2017 | Chía | Universidad Piloto de Colombia | [62] |
Evaluación de la percepción de confort térmico que tienen los estudiantes en el bloque 10 de la Universidad de la Costa | 2019 | Barranquilla | Universidad de La Costa | [63] |
Propuesta de criterios bioclimáticos para el diseño urbano en ciudades con climas tropicales. Caso de estudio: Barranquilla, Colombia | 2019 | Barranquilla | Universidad de La Costa | [64] |
Unpublished Studies | ||||
Estrategias bioclimáticas en edificaciones institucionales de alta montaña—Cerro Azul, Calarcá—Quindío | 2014 | Calarcá | Universidad La Gran Colombia | NA |
Diseño de espacios escolares confortables para básica primaria en el departamento del Quindío | 2016 | Filandia Montenegro Salento | Universidad La Gran Colombia | NA |
Confort térmico y calidad del aire en oficinas | 2018 | Bogotá | Universidad Piloto de Colombia | NA |
Sistema liviano alternativo de construcción para vivienda a partir de módulos a base de materiales reciclados y método de fabricación del mismo (Patente SIC 2018) | 2018 | Armenia | Universidad La Gran Colombia | NA |
Confort térmico, cargas internas y condiciones de ocupación: una aproximación metodológica para la cuantificación del confort en el ambiente térmico | 2019 | Bucaramanga | Universidad Santo Tomás, Colombia | NA |
Estrategias para la rehabilitación energética de la envolvente del edificio Fray Angélico para la mejora del confort térmico y reducción del gasto en consumo de energía—fase 1 y fase 2 | 2019 | Floridablanca | Universidad Santo Tomás, Colombia | NA |
Estrategias bioclimáticas para mejorar el confort térmico en viviendas medianeras en el centro de la ciudad de Quibdó | 2020 | Quibdó | Universidad de San Buenaventura, Colombia | NA |
Confort térmico y calidad del aire durante obras de rehabilitación en edificios de viviendas | 2020 | Bogotá | Universidad Piloto de Colombia | NA |
Análisis del efecto isla calor y ciclo de vida de los materiales del espacio público en Bucaramanga para la formulación de un manual de lineamientos de diseño sostenible. | 2020 | Bucaramanga | Universidad Santo Tomás, Colombia | NA |
Thermal behaviours based on air temperature observations in different local climate zones in Bogotá, Colombia | 2020 | Bogotá | Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil | NA |
Preferencias ambientales en el espacio urbano según factores sociodemográficos y de uso | 2020 | Medellín | Universidad de San Buenventura, Colombia | NA |
La envolvente profunda, como estrategia bioclimática pasiva para el logro del confort térmico en el clima ecuatorial (PhD Thesis in progress) | 2020 | Cali | Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia | NA |
Climate | Cold Climate | Temperate Climate | Hot-Humid Climate | Hot-Dry Climate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Representative City | Bogotá | Medellín | Barranquilla | Cali | |
Prevalent Comfort Indicator | Insulation | Shade | Airflow | Sun protection | |
Recommendations | Air flow | Minimisation of openings to control heat loos and drafts. | Use of lattice screens for controlled air flow. | Large openings and controllable windows with various layers. | Courtyards to trap cool night air and release hot air during the day. |
Facades | Increase facade’s surface area to maximize sun absorption. | Roof overhangs for sun protection of the facades and to create buffer zones. | Vertical shading elements on the facade to protect from direct and diffuse solar radiation. | Buffer zones (e.g., long balconies or covered terraces) around the building. | |
Roofs | Roof insulation. | Double roofs. | Ventilated double roofs. | High and ventilated double roofs. | |
Walls | Use of high thermal mass to reduce indoor-outdoor variations. | Use of medium thermal mass for insulation. | Light wall construction to avoid heat storage, built with materials that dry quickly. | Ventilated walls with operable layers. | |
Others | Use of passive solar heating when possible or efficient fireplaces and kitchen stoves to heat air flow. | Use of vegetation to moderate solar impact. Buildings elevated above ground. | Adiabatic or evaporative cooling through water fountains of features. |
Limitations | Opportunities |
---|---|
Existing policies are vague, mainly qualitative, and most times contradict each other. | To introduce minimum and measurable sustainable design requirements. To define common objectives between different policies. |
The adopted foreign standards and certifications were created for contexts different to Colombia. | To design national certification programs appropriate to the particular conditions of the country. |
There is a disjunction between policymakers, evaluators, and control authorities. | To specify evaluation processes and control bodies at the government level. |
Research is not economically rewarded within the practice of architecture and in the academic context, the investment return is very low. | To encourage research careers, not only by promoting doctoral studies but also by generating better-paid career development opportunities. |
Research and Development (R&D) expenditure as a percentage of the national GDP is only 0.24% compared to 1.16% in Brazil or the average 0.62% for Latin America and the Caribbean. This affects the lack of available information and publications in index journals (which are mainly in English and difficult to access for many academics). Therefore, there are only 2664 papers in SCOPUS per 100 thousand inhabitants compared to 8009 in Chile or 20,946 in the USA [70]. | To increase R&D investment at national level and support and encourage academics by promoting publications in indexed journals. |
Purely academic research tends to be disconnected from reality. Purely practical research lacks a theoretical basis or limited dissemination for commercial reasons. | To involve professionals from different disciplines and private companies in the generation of new knowledge on sustainable architecture with incentives for all parties. |
Thermal comfort as a subject is rarely taught in undergraduate programmes. In the courses that include it, there are gaps between the theory and its application in practice. | To allow for the progression between education and practice, with paid research and practice positions for students. |
Students have few opportunities to practise in a real context during their studies. Students could be better prepared for the challenges that professionals face where a variety of skills is needed. | To strengthen the professional practice program, making it mandatory within public and private institutions. |
Graduate evaluation systems are inconsistent with the dynamics they will encounter in practice. | To adjust evaluation systems considering the dynamics of real contexts. |
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Share and Cite
Medina, J.M.; Rodriguez, C.M.; Coronado, M.C.; Garcia, L.M. Scoping Review of Thermal Comfort Research in Colombia. Buildings 2021, 11, 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060232
Medina JM, Rodriguez CM, Coronado MC, Garcia LM. Scoping Review of Thermal Comfort Research in Colombia. Buildings. 2021; 11(6):232. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060232
Chicago/Turabian StyleMedina, Juan Manuel, Carolina M. Rodriguez, Maria Camila Coronado, and Lina Maria Garcia. 2021. "Scoping Review of Thermal Comfort Research in Colombia" Buildings 11, no. 6: 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11060232