Impact Assessment of Waste Odor Source Locations on Pedestrian-Level Exposure Risk
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methodology
2.1. Turbulence Modeling Approach
2.2. Case Descriptions
2.2.1. Validation Description
2.2.2. Test Case Description
2.2.3. Pollutant Exposure Risk Assessment
2.3. Boundary Conditions and Numerical Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. CFD Validation
3.2. Pedestrian-Level Mean Flow Field
3.3. Influence of Source Locations on Concentration Distribution and Exposure Risk
3.3.1. Concentration Distribution of H2S at Pedestrian Level
3.3.2. Personal Intake Fraction with Different Source Locations
4. Conclusions
- The simulation results of the wind velocity and pollutant concentration distribution show good agreement with the experimental results, indicating that the RNG k-ε model and used numerical methods are appropriate to predict the diffusion of garbage odor in the residential area.
- High wind speed zones appear on both sides of windward side of the building array. Meanwhile, the buildings show a wind breaking effect, and there are obvious recirculating zones on the leeward side of the building array.
- The exposure risk of residents in the residential area is easily affected by the location of the waste collection point. When the waste collection point is located in the middle of the array’s periphery or between the two adjacent buildings in the center of the building array, outdoor residents are at greater risk of exposure to odors, and the average dimensionless concentration value of H2S and the personal intake fraction in the pedestrian-level area are one and three orders of magnitude higher than when the waste collection point is located in the corner of the array’s periphery.
- It is recommended to arrange the waste collection point in the corner of the building array’s periphery, not in the middle of the building array’s periphery or between the two adjacent buildings in the center of the array to reduce the exposure risks.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Nomenclature
c1 | empirical constant |
c2 | empirical constant |
Cμ | model constant |
Clocal | measured concentration (ppm) |
Csource | source concentration (ppm) |
H | building height (m) |
k | turbulent kinetic energy (m2/s2) |
Kc | non-dimensional concentration |
Qsource | flow rate of the source emission (m3/s) |
Sct | turbulent Schmidt number |
U | wind velocity (m/s) |
u* | friction velocity (m/s) |
y+ | dimensionless wall distance |
z0 | roughness height (m) |
Uref | reference wind speed (m/s) |
P_IF | personal intake fraction |
ui | velocity component |
p | pressure (Pa) |
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Names of Boundary Conditions | Settings |
---|---|
Inlet wind velocity (m/s) | |
Turbulence kinetic energy (m2/s2) | |
Turbulence dissipation rate (m2/s3) | |
Domain outlet | Pressure outlet |
The top and the lateral boundaries of the domain | Symmetry boundary |
Building surfaces | Non-slip for wall shear stress |
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Ma, C.; Liu, J.; Li, H.; Zhong, J. Impact Assessment of Waste Odor Source Locations on Pedestrian-Level Exposure Risk. Buildings 2022, 12, 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050528
Ma C, Liu J, Li H, Zhong J. Impact Assessment of Waste Odor Source Locations on Pedestrian-Level Exposure Risk. Buildings. 2022; 12(5):528. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050528
Chicago/Turabian StyleMa, Chenyu, Jianlin Liu, Hongyan Li, and Jiading Zhong. 2022. "Impact Assessment of Waste Odor Source Locations on Pedestrian-Level Exposure Risk" Buildings 12, no. 5: 528. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050528