Critical Approaches on the Changes Taking Place after 24/2014/EU in BIM Adoption Process
Abstract
:1. Introduction
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- Extend the benefits documented by BIM in other countries to the European construction sector, and thus, make it more competitive on the international scene: external reason;
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- Have a procedure common to all Member States since any European actor can participate in any public work, fully or partially financed by European funds, regardless of the Member State in which it is carried out: internal reason.
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- To bring out this situation of risk of interpretation with respect to the appropriate technical content that the law intends to indicate;
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- To demonstrate that incorrect technical terms can be misunderstood and interpreted, and that they move away from the specific and original contents of Charles Eastman’s method;
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- To propose a system of solutions that is useful for all the Member States.
2. Literature
2.1. Before 24/2014/EU
2.2. Strategies Taken
2.3. After 24/2014/EU
3. Methodology
3.1. Focus on UK and Italy
4. Results
5. Discussion
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- About the merit: The BIM method implies a change of technical mentality from an approach characterized by phases and actors to a systemic approach. After analyzing what has happened in some Member States, it emerged that the construction sector gradually assimilated BIM, including the university and high school system, which brought their knowledge of BIM to the construction industry. The professional world and the world of training, at a certain moment, found themselves on a common path.
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- About the method: Decree 24/2014/EU is a complex commitment that needs to be assimilated gradually and “from the bottom.” This is the first critical point: the European Union’s request for almost all the states in practice represents a novelty that came suddenly and “from the up”. The period adopted by each state of progressive acceptance of the BIM (i.e., based on the amount of works) cannot, by itself, solve problems that appear inherent in systems and practices that were consolidated for many years.
6. Conclusions
- Delete the sequence of four generic terms written in lowercase, namely, “building”, “information”, “electronic” and “modelling”, from the text of the law of the ED;
- Insert three capitalized terms that indicate the single concept of “Building Information Modelling” that was devised by Charles Eastman;
- Include in the text the exact definition of this acronym based on the definition of Charles Eastman.
- To monitor the actions that each Member State implement regarding BIM so that they do not conflict with the previous points;
- To prepare a clear path of application with few and precise points common to all member countries;
- To establish linearity of the acquisition of the law by the Member States;
- To prevent translations, transformations or national interpretations of the acronym BIM that prevent the diffusion of the BIM method for what it is;
- To ask Member States to keep unchanged, in their legal instruments, the content of the previous point without translations that cause changes or interpretations of the acronym BIM;
- To ensure that individual states will be able to integrate these points but will not be able to change them or make them secondary to the national ones. In this way, Member States should avoid actions that can lead to disconnected and independent results, both from each other and regarding the real content of the European Directive.
- Clarify the legal obligation regarding the actions of private and self-referential organizations;
- Reduce the need for laws and standards to the minimum necessary in order to not increase the burden of bureaucracy and the European’s demands on individual Member States.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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European Country | Value of Construction EUR | Guidelines | Regulation |
---|---|---|---|
Germany | 285 billion | No | No (but expected for the end of 2020) |
France | 200 billion | No | No (but expected for the end 2017) |
UK * | 177 billion | Yes | Yes |
Spain | 63 billion | No | No |
Netherlands | 60 billion | Yes | Yes |
Switzerland ** | 53 billion | Not received | No |
Norway | 46 billion | Yes | Yes |
Poland | 44 billion | No | No |
Belgium | 39 billion | Yes | No |
Sweden | 34 billion | Yes | Yes |
Austria | 32 billion | Yes | No |
Finland | 29 billion | Yes | Yes |
Denmark | 27 billion | Yes | Yes |
Ireland | 9 billion | No | No |
Italy | Not received | No | No |
European Country | Value of the Construction EUR | Guidelines | Regulation | Year | Applications |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hungary | 180.1 | No | No | 2015 forecast postponed | BIM not mandatory |
Netherlands | 133.3 | Yes | Yes | From 2013 | Uses BIM |
Romania | 130.3 | Yes | Yes | From 2017 | Uses BIM |
Sweden | 129.7 | Yes | Yes | From 2017 | BIM mandatory for all interventions |
Italy | 126.0 | No | Yes | From 2019 to 2025 | BIM mandatory for public works above 100 million and gradually decreasing |
Slovenia | 121.1 | No | No | 2015 forecast postponed | BIM not mandatory |
Finland | 119.8 | Yes | Yes | From 2012 | Uses BIM |
Poland | 117.3 | No | No | From 2030 | BIM mandatory with state funds |
Austria | 116.2 | Yes | Yes | From 2018–2020 | BIM mandatory for public construction cost control |
Czech Republic | 107.3 | No | Yes | In 2017 pianification, from 2022 | BIM mandatory for public works |
Germany | 105.8 | No | Yes | From 2017 for projects over 100 million, and from 31 December 2020 | BIM mandatory for infrastructure public procurement |
Portugal | 104.5 | No | Yes | From 2019–2025 | BIM mandatory for public works above 100 million and gradually decreasing |
Belgium | 96.8 | Yes | No | BIM not mandatory | |
Bulgaria | 90.2 | No | No | BIM not mandatory | |
France | 89.7 | No | Yes | 2017 forecast postponed to 1 January 2022 | BIM mandatory |
Slovakia | 86.2 | No | No | BIM not mandatory | |
Denmark | - | Yes | Yes | From 2013 | Uses BIM |
Spain | - | No | Yes | From 26 July 2019 | BIM mandatory for public works and infrastructures |
Croatia | - | No | No | BIM not mandatory | |
Luxembourg | - | No | No | BIM not mandatory | |
Norway | - | Yes | Yes | From 2016 | Uses BIM |
Ireland | - | No | Yes | From 2017 to 2021 | Uses BIM in a gradual way |
Serbia | - | No | No | BIM not mandatory | |
Estonia | - | No | No | BIM not mandatory | |
Latvia | - | No | No | BIM not mandatory | |
Lithuania | - | No | No | BIM not mandatory | |
UK * | - | Yes | Yes | From 2016 | BIM mandatory for all government projects |
Switzerland * | - | Yes | No | BIM not mandatory |
Country Languages | 24/2014/EU Paragraph 4 Art.22 | National Version vrs Reality |
---|---|---|
English | For public works contracts and design contests, Member States may require the use of specific electronic tools, such as of building information electronic modelling tools or similar | |
Italian | Per gli appalti pubblici di lavori e i concorsi di progettazione, gli Stati membri possono richiedere l’uso di strumenti elettronici specifici, quali gli strumenti di simulazione elettronica per le informazioni edilizie o strumenti analoghi | “Simulazione” means simulation and not “Modelling” |
Spanish | Para contratos públicos de obra y concursos de proyectos, los Estados miembros podrán exigir el uso de herramientas electrónicas específicas, como herramientas de diseño electrónico de edificios o herramientas similares | “Diseño” means design and not “Modelling”. There is no word for “Information” |
French | Pour les marchés publics de travaux et les concours, les États membres peuvent exiger l’utilisation d’outils électroniques particuliers tels que des outils de modélisation électronique des données du bâtiment ou des outils similaires | There is no word for “Information” |
German | Für öffentliche Bauaufträge und Wettbewerbe können die Mitgliedstaaten die Nutzung spezifischer elektronischer Instrumente, wie z. B. elektronischer Instrumente für die Gebäudedatenmodellierung oder dergleichen, verlangen | |
Portuguese | No que respeita aos contratos de empreitada de obras públicas e aos concursos de conceção, os Estados-Membros podem exigir a utilização de instrumentos eletrónicos específicos, tais como instrumentos de modelização eletrónica de dados de construção ou similares | “De dados” means some data and not “Information” |
Bulgarian | За oбществените пoръчки за стрoителствo и кoнкурсите за прoект държавите членки мoгат да изискат изпoлзванетo на специални електрoнни средства, катo инструменти за електрoннo мoделиране на инфoрмация за стрoителни рабoти или пoдoбни | "Рабoти” means works and not “Building” |
Czech | V případě veřejných zakázek na stavební práce a soutěží o návrh mohou členské státy vyžadovat použití zvláštních elektronických nástrojů, jako jsou elektronické grafické programy pro stavební informace a obdobné nástroje | “Grafické” means graphic and not “Modelling” |
Danish | For så vidt angår offentlige bygge- og anlægskontrakter og projektkonkurrencer kan medlemsstaterne kræve anvendelse af særlige elektroniske værktøjer, såsom elektroniske modelværktøjer vedrørende bygningsoplysninger eller lignende | |
Estonian | Ehitustööde hankelepingute ja ideekonkursside puhul võivad liikmesriigid nõuda spetsiaalsete elektrooniliste vahendite, näiteks ehitusteabe elektroonilise modelleerimise vahendite või samalaadsete vahendite kasutamist | |
Greek | Όσον αφορά τις δημόσιες συμβάσεις έργων και τους διαγωνισμούς μελετών, τα κράτη μέλη μπορούν να απαιτούν τη χρήση συγκεκριμένων ηλεκτρονικών μέσων, όπως ηλεκτρονικών εργαλείων μοντελοποίησης κτηριοδομικών πληροφοριών ή παρόμοιων μέσων | |
Bosnian | Za ugovore o javnim radovima i projektne natječaje, države članice mogu zahtijevati korištenje posebnih elektroničkih alata, poput virtualnih prikaza modela zgrade ili slično | “Virtualnih prikaza” means virtual representations and not “Information” |
Latvian | Publisku būvdarbu līgumu un metu konkursu gadījumā dalībvalstis var prasīt, lai tiktu izmantoti specifiski elektroniski rīki, piemēram, ēku informācijas elektroniskās modelēšanas vai līdzīgi rīki | |
Lithuanian | Viešųjų darbų pirkimo sutarčių ir projekto konkursų atveju valstybės narės gali reikalauti naudoti specialias elektronines priemones, pavyzdžiui, pastatų informacijos elektroninio modeliavimo priemones ar pan | |
Hungarian | Az építési beruházásra irányuló szerződések és a tervpályázatok esetében a tagállamok megkövetelhetik bizonyos konkrét elektronikus eszközök, például elektronikus épületinformáció-modellezésre szolgáló vagy hasonló eszközök alkalmazását | |
Maltese | Għal kuntratti ta’ xogħlijiet pubbliċi u kompetizzjonijiet tad-disinni, l-Istati Membri jistgħu jitolbu l-użu ta’ għodod elettroniċi speċifiċi, bħal għodod ta’ mmudellar elettroniku ta’ informazzjoni jew simili | There is no word for “Building” |
Dutch | Voor overheidsopdrachten voor werken en prijsvragen mogen de lidstaten eisen dat gebruik wordt gemaakt van gespecialiseerde elektronische instrumenten, zoals elektronische bouwwerkinformatiemodellen of soortgelijke | |
Polish | W odniesieniu do zamówień publicznych na roboty budowlane i konkursów państwa członkowskie mogą wymagać zastosowania szczególnych narzędzi elektronicznych, takich jak narzędzia elektronicznego modelowania danych budowlanych lub podobne | “Danych” means data and not “Information” |
Romanian | Pentru contractele de lucrări și concursurile de proiecte, statele membre pot impune utilizarea de instrumente electronice specifice, precum instrumentele de modelare electronică a informațiilor de construcții sau instrumente similare | |
Slovak | Členské štáty môžu v prípade verejných zákaziek na práce a súťaží návrhov vyžadovať použitie osobitných elektronických nástrojov, ako sú nástroje elektronických informačných modelov budov alebo podobné nástroje | |
Slovenian | Države članice lahko zahtevajo, da se za javna naročila gradenj in projektne natečaje uporabljajo točno določena elektronska orodja, na primer elektronska modelna orodja ali podobna orodja | There is no word for “Information” |
Finnish | Rakennusurakkasopimusten ja suunnittelukilpailujen osalta jäsenvaltiot voivat edellyttää erityisten sähköisten välineiden, kuten rakennustietoja koskevien sähköisten mallintamisvälineiden tai vastaavien, käyttöä | |
Swedish | För offentliga byggentreprenadkontrakt och projekttävlingar får medlemsstaterna kräva att särskilda elektroniska verktyg, t.ex. elektroniska modellverktyg för bygginformation eller liknande, används |
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Fiamma, P.; Biagi, S. Critical Approaches on the Changes Taking Place after 24/2014/EU in BIM Adoption Process. Buildings 2023, 13, 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040850
Fiamma P, Biagi S. Critical Approaches on the Changes Taking Place after 24/2014/EU in BIM Adoption Process. Buildings. 2023; 13(4):850. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040850
Chicago/Turabian StyleFiamma, Paolo, and Silvia Biagi. 2023. "Critical Approaches on the Changes Taking Place after 24/2014/EU in BIM Adoption Process" Buildings 13, no. 4: 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13040850