A Review of Static and Dynamic p-y Curve Models for Pile Foundations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Static p-y Curve Model
2.1. Static p-y Curves for Clay
References | p-y Curve Model | Model Description |
---|---|---|
Matlock (1970) [5] | Divided into two segments with 8 as the boundary, applicable to soft clay | |
Reese (1975) [7] | Applicable to underwater stiff clay | |
Dunnavant and O’Neill (1989) [15] | Based on full-scale pile load tests | |
Wang (1991) [16] | are all parameters | |
Zhang (1992) [18] | Piecewise function with the critical depth as the boundary | |
Zhou (2013) [20] | Applicable to soft clay | |
Chen (2018) [25] | Piecewise function for large-diameter winged piles in soft clay | |
Zhang (2020) [11] | Based on the stress increment theory, errors exist under small displacements in sand | |
Zhang (2020) [23] | Applicable to large-diameter single piles |
2.2. Static p-y Curves for Sand
2.2.1. API Specification Type p-y Curve
2.2.2. Hyperbolic-Shaped p-y Curve
2.2.3. Discussion on Sand p-y Curves
3. Cyclic p-y Curves
3.1. Cyclic p-y Curve Models
3.1.1. Reduction Coefficient Method
3.1.2. Empirical Fitting Method
3.1.3. Unified Method
3.1.4. Normalization Method
3.2. Analysis of Influencing Factors
4. Seismic p-y Curves
4.1. Seismic p-y Curve Models
4.1.1. p-Multiplier Method
4.1.2. Empirical Fitting Method
4.1.3. Other Methods
4.2. Discussion on Seismic p-y Curve Models
4.2.1. Shape of Seismically Liquefied Soil p-y Curves
4.2.2. Discussion on the p-Multiplier Method
4.2.3. Factors Influencing Seismic p-y Curves
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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References | p-y Curve Model | Model Description |
---|---|---|
Reese (1974) [6] | Based on full-scale experiments | |
Scott (1980) [27] | Developed based on centrifuge experiments | |
Murchison and O’Neill (1984) [28] | is the pile type factor, and is the load empirical factor | |
Gao (1988) [46] | is the correction factor, based on sand model experiments | |
Kim (2004) [31] | and consider the influence of installation methods and pile head constraint conditions | |
Wang (2009) [43] | Modified according to API specifications for application in silty soil | |
Wang (2011) [35] | considers the influence of the pile diameter and is calculated at the soil parameter selection location | |
Sun (2021) [37] | Stiffness correction based on API, considering pile diameter and depth | |
Zhang (2022) [45] | Modified according to API specifications for application in silty soil | |
Zhang (2023) [42] | Modified according to API specifications, applicable to large-diameter single pile in sand |
References | p-y Curve Model | Model Description |
---|---|---|
Gerolymos et al. (2009) [48] | Correction for the influence of soil strength and stiffness parameters | |
Bienen et al. (2012) [49] | is a correction factor and represents the load conditions | |
Zhu et al. (2013) [50] | Considering cyclic impact factors | |
Liu et al. (2015) [51] | in segments based on critical depth (for silty soil) | |
Zhong et al. (2015) [52] | is the reduction coefficient | |
Baek et al. (2017) [53] | Considering the influence of relative density and depth | |
Lee et al. (2019) [54] | calculated based on Broms [55] | |
Hu et al. (2020) [56] | is the stiffness reduction factor, considers the influence of pile diameter | |
Fuentes et al. (2021) [57] | Based on API |
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Wu, J.; Pu, L.; Zhai, C. A Review of Static and Dynamic p-y Curve Models for Pile Foundations. Buildings 2024, 14, 1507. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061507
Wu J, Pu L, Zhai C. A Review of Static and Dynamic p-y Curve Models for Pile Foundations. Buildings. 2024; 14(6):1507. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061507
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Jiujiang, Longjun Pu, and Changming Zhai. 2024. "A Review of Static and Dynamic p-y Curve Models for Pile Foundations" Buildings 14, no. 6: 1507. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061507