Evaluation on the Adhesion Property of Recycled Asphalt Based on the Multi-Scale Experiments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Nomenclature
2.2. Asphalt
2.3. Rejuvenator
2.4. Preparation of RA
2.5. Methods
2.5.1. PO Test
2.5.2. SFE Test
2.5.3. AFM Test
3. Results
3.1. PO Test
3.2. SFE Test
3.2.1. Contact Angle
3.2.2. Cohesive Work
3.2.3. Adhesion Work
3.2.4. Peeling Work
3.3. AFM Test
3.3.1. Nano Adhesion
3.3.2. DMT Modulus
3.4. Correlation Analysis
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The aging effect degrades the bond strength between AA and aggregate. Conversely, the addition of a rejuvenator effectively enhances their bond strength. Moreover, due to the properties of the aggregate, limestone and asphalt exhibit stronger adhesion properties compared to granite.
- (2)
- The aging process led to a decrease in the hydrophobicity of asphalt, rendering it more susceptible to water damage and cracking, thereby diminishing its adhesion property. Although the addition of the rejuvenator partially mitigated this adverse effect, the adhesion properties of RA remained slightly inferior to those of BA. Notably, the naphthenic oil-based rejuvenator demonstrated a more pronounced ability to restore the adhesion property of AA.
- (3)
- The calculation results of the nano mechanical properties showed that the aging effect led to a decrease in the nano adhesion and an increase in the DMT modulus of asphalt, which implied that AA was more inclined to elastic deformation and its adhesion properties were decreased. The incorporation of rejuvenators showed a considerable restoring effect on the nano adhesion property of AA, the performance index values of RA were extremely close to BA, and the rejuvenating effects of several rejuvenators were similar to the macroscopic and microscopic test results.
- (4)
- The correlation analysis revealed that the adhesion property of RA exhibited a robust relationship across various mechanical properties indices at different scales, which remained consistent regardless of the type of rejuvenator used. The slopes of the regression equations for several RA samples at different scales showed remarkably similar values with high precision. This consistency suggests that, despite variations in mechanical test methods and conditions across different scales, there exists a uniformity in the evaluation of the trends in adhesion properties between RA and aggregates.
- (5)
- This study investigates the evolution mechanism of the adhesion properties of recycled asphalt at different scales. The research findings can provide a reference for the optimization of recycled asphalt formulations and processes, enhance the durability and performance of pavements, promote the reuse of waste materials, reduce the environmental impact, and lower the costs of road construction and maintenance. Additionally, these findings can aid in driving technological innovation, establishing industry standards, and providing scientific guidance for practical engineering in future research.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Abbreviation | Explanation |
---|---|
BA | Base asphalt |
AA | Aged asphalt |
RA | Recycled asphalt |
SFE | Surface free energy |
PO | Pull-off |
AFM | Atomic force microscopy |
RTFOT | Rolling thin film oven test |
TFOT | Thin film oven test |
PF-QNM | Peak force quantitative nano mechanical |
A | Bio-oil-based rejuvenator |
B | Mineral oil-based rejuvenator |
C | Naphthenic oil-based rejuvenator |
D | Waste engine oil-based rejuvenator |
Asphalt Type | Penetration/(0.1 mm/25 °C) | Ductility/(cm/15 °C) | Softening Point/°C |
---|---|---|---|
AA | 55 | 53.17 | 56.4 |
BA | 84 | >100 | 45 |
BA after RTFOT aging | 61.3 | 56.9 | 55.4 |
Technical specifications of BA [27] | 80~100 | >100 | ≥44 |
Requirements after RTFOT or TFOT aging of BA | penetration ratio ≥ 57% | ≥20 | - |
Test method [28] | T 0604 | T 0605 | T 0606 |
Performance Index | A | B | C | D |
---|---|---|---|---|
Density/(g/cm3) | 0.925 | 0.998 | 1.01 | 0.963 |
Viscosity/(Pa·s/60 °C) | 0.134 | 0.127 | 0.153 | 0.132 |
Flash point/°C | 225 | 239 | 231 | 236 |
Viscosity ratio for RA after RTFOT aging | 1.86 | 1.68 | 1.43 | 1.56 |
The absolute value of mass loss rate for RA after RTFOT aging/% | 1.27 | 1.01 | 0.76 | 0.93 |
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Yin, P.; Liu, F.; Li, Z.; Pan, B.; Liu, T. Evaluation on the Adhesion Property of Recycled Asphalt Based on the Multi-Scale Experiments. Buildings 2024, 14, 2365. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082365
Yin P, Liu F, Li Z, Pan B, Liu T. Evaluation on the Adhesion Property of Recycled Asphalt Based on the Multi-Scale Experiments. Buildings. 2024; 14(8):2365. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082365
Chicago/Turabian StyleYin, Peng, Fei Liu, Zihan Li, Baofeng Pan, and Tao Liu. 2024. "Evaluation on the Adhesion Property of Recycled Asphalt Based on the Multi-Scale Experiments" Buildings 14, no. 8: 2365. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082365