A Study on the Influence of Anchor Rods’ Layout on the Uplift Resistance Characteristics of Inclined Anchor Short-Pile Foundations Based on FEA
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Numerical Modelling
3. Numerical Results
3.1. Influence of the Anchor’s Position
3.1.1. Displacement of the Pile’s Top
3.1.2. Bearing Capacity
3.1.3. Axial Force of the Pile’s Shaft
3.1.4. Load-Bearing Ratio of the Anchor Bolts’ Structure
3.2. Influence of the Length of the Free Segment
3.2.1. Displacement of the Pile’s Top
3.2.2. Bearing Capacity
3.2.3. Axial Force of the Pile’s Shaft
3.2.4. Load-Bearing Ratio of the Anchor Bolt Structure
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- The variation in anchor rods’ position had a minimal impact on the uplift bearing characteristics of inclined anchor short-pile foundations. The displacements of the head of short piles with different positions for the anchor rods were similar under both loading conditions. Under pure uplift loads, the maximum displacement before failure was approximately 13 mm, while under combined uplift–horizontal loads, the maximum displacement before failure was around 15 mm. The development patterns of the load-bearing ratio curves for the anchor rod’s structure were nearly identical. If the anchor rod was positioned too low, the difficulty of construction increased; conversely, if placed too high, the embedded length of the anchor bar in the pile was reduced, leading to potential failure at the pile–anchor node. Therefore, it is recommended to place the anchor rod near the center of the short pile’s shaft.
- (2)
- The variation in the length of the free section had a minimal effect on the uplift bearing characteristics of inclined anchor short-pile foundations. An increase in the free section’s length resulted in only a slight increase in the displacement of the pile’s head, with an overall difference of less than 5%. As the length of the free section decreased, the displacement of the inclined anchor short-pile foundation under the same uplift load decreased slightly, also by less than 5%. However, if full-length anchoring is used, the anchor bars may be prone to tensile shear failure.
- (3)
- Compared with short-pile foundations of the same size, inclined anchor short-pile foundations demonstrated enhanced ultimate bearing capacity under uplift and combined uplift–horizontal loading. The improvement was more significant when horizontal loads were present. Under horizontal loading, the ultimate uplift bearing capacity of inclined anchor short-pile foundations decreased by only 14%, whereas that of single-pile foundations decreased by 24%. Although horizontal loads reduced the uplift bearing capacity of pile foundations, the inclined anchor structure in inclined anchor short-pile foundations mitigated the pile’s inclination, thereby reducing the adverse impact of horizontal loads on the uplift bearing capacity.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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Solum | Weight (kN/m3) | Cohesive Strength (kPa) | Internal Frictional Angle (°) | Modulus of Elasticity (MPa) | Poisson Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Medium-weathered muddy siltstone | 24.0 | 580 | 38.8 | 480 | 0.35 |
Reinforced concrete pile | 25.0 | / | / | 35,000 | 0.16 |
Contact Surface Position | Normal Stiffness (GPa/m) | Tangential Stiffness (GPa/m) | Cohesive Strength (kPa) | Angle of Friction (°) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Medium-weathered muddy siltstone | 50.2 | 50.2 | 522 | 31 |
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | Poisson Ratio | Pole Body Area (m2) | Y axial Moment of Inertia (m4) | Z Axial Moment of Inertia (m4) | Polar Moment of Inertia (m4) | Yield Strength (kN) | Elongation at Breaking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
201 | 0.3 | 9.6 × 10−4 | 7.36 × 10−8 | 7.36 × 10−8 | 1.47 × 10−7 | 384 | 14% |
Modulus of Elasticity (GPa) | Poisson Ratio | Tensile Strength (kPa) | Cohesive Strength (kPa) | Internal Frictional angle (°) | Weight (kN/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
30 | 0.17 | 70 | 3.18 × 103 | 50 | 24 |
Pile Length (m) | Anchor Diameter (mm) | Anchor Pole Angle (°) | Length of the Free Segment (m) | Horizontal Load |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 40 | 30 | 0.66 | 0.3 times lifting load |
Pile Length (m) | Anchor Diameter (mm) | Anchor Node Position | Anchor Pole Angle (°) | Horizontal Load |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | 40 | Pile body in the point | 30 | 0.3 times lifting load |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Gao, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Xie, Q.; Liu, Q.; Liu, T.; You, T.; Fu, X.; Duan, J.; Qin, P.; Yang, T.; et al. A Study on the Influence of Anchor Rods’ Layout on the Uplift Resistance Characteristics of Inclined Anchor Short-Pile Foundations Based on FEA. Buildings 2024, 14, 2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082580
Gao Y, Zhang Y, Xie Q, Liu Q, Liu T, You T, Fu X, Duan J, Qin P, Yang T, et al. A Study on the Influence of Anchor Rods’ Layout on the Uplift Resistance Characteristics of Inclined Anchor Short-Pile Foundations Based on FEA. Buildings. 2024; 14(8):2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082580
Chicago/Turabian StyleGao, Yiran, Yiqing Zhang, Qiang Xie, Quan Liu, Tinglei Liu, Ting You, Xiang Fu, Jun Duan, Peiyuan Qin, Tao Yang, and et al. 2024. "A Study on the Influence of Anchor Rods’ Layout on the Uplift Resistance Characteristics of Inclined Anchor Short-Pile Foundations Based on FEA" Buildings 14, no. 8: 2580. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14082580