Study on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Tunnel Lining Concrete in Coastal Areas
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Test Preparation
2.1.1. Raw Materials
2.1.2. Mixing Ratio
2.1.3. Preparation of Specimens
2.2. Test Methods
2.2.1. Compression Test, Splitting Tensile Test, and Flexural Test
- (1)
- The principle of the compressive strength test is as follows:
- (2)
- The principle of splitting tensile strength test is as follows:
- (3)
- The principle of flexural strength test is as follows:
2.2.2. Chloride Diffusion Coefficient Test
- (1)
- According to the standard, 100 × 50 mm cylinder test blocks were made. The three test blocks were a group. After 28 days of curing, the vacuum-saturated salt treatment was carried out. The machine is shown in Figure 4a. The NEL-PDR chloride diffusion coefficient tester was used to test the chloride ion permeability of the test blocks, as shown in Figure 4b. The NEL-PDR chloride ion diffusion coefficient rapid tester is a concrete permeability tester developed using the chloride ion diffusion coefficient test principle proposed by Professor Lu. The device can quickly detect the chloride ion diffusion coefficient in concrete, to evaluate the permeability of concrete.
- (2)
- The test used the method proposed by Professor Lu [27] of Tsinghua University. The test principle was based on the Nernst–Einstein equation. The concrete is regarded as a solid electrolyte, and the diffusion coefficient of the charged particle i in the concrete is related to its partial conductance. On this basis, if the concentration Ci of the ion i and the partial conductance are known, it is easy to obtain the diffusion coefficient of the ion i. After vacuum-saturated salt treatment, there is only one ion in the specimen—Cl−. At this time, it can be assumed that the ion migration number of the specimen is 1 and the chloride ion concentration in the concrete pore solution is Ci. The formula is (4).
2.2.3. Sulfate Corrosion Resistance Test
3. Analysis and Discussion of Results
3.1. Slump Value
3.2. Mechanical Properties of Concrete
3.2.1. Compressive Strength
3.2.2. Splitting Tensile Strength
3.2.3. Flexural Strength
3.3. Concrete Durability Properties
3.3.1. Chloride Diffusion Coefficient
3.3.2. Resistance to Sulphate Corrosion
4. Conclusions
- With the admixture of fibers, the mechanical properties of fly ash concrete all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the mixed fiber fly ash concrete had better performance compared to the steel fiber concrete and coir fiber concrete. The synergistic effect between the different fibers gave the concrete a better resistance to impact;
- The results of the mechanical properties tests showed that the inclusion of an appropriate amount of fibers can induce the fly ash concrete to change the brittle damage of the matrix into ductile damage at the time of destruction. When the volume admixture of both steel fibers and coconut fibers was 1.0%, the bridging effect of the fibers significantly enhanced the flexural strength of the fly ash concrete. The strength was enhanced by 26.58% compared to the control group;
- The results of the durability tests showed that when steel fibers were mixed with coconut fibers at an equal volume ratio of 1.0%, they not only effectively reduced the diffusion of chloride ions, but also resisted the erosive effect of sulfates to the maximum extent. Using an appropriate amount of fibers can effectively inhibit the extension of concrete cracks, thus preventing the penetration and diffusion of aggressive substances;
- In this study, the key indexes of compressive strength, flexural strength, and resistance to sulphate corrosion in the mix were considered for the tunnel lining environment in coastal areas. The optimal ratio of hybrid fibers in the fly ash concrete used to enhance the comprehensive performance was found through the tests. The durability of the matrix was significantly enhanced while improving the toughness and crack resistance of the concrete. The composite application of steel fibers and coconut fibers can therefore effectively extend the service life of a tunnel lining structure and improve its sustainable utilization.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fiber Class | Length (mm) | Diameter (mm) | Density(g/cm3) |
---|---|---|---|
Steel fiber | 40 | 4 | 7.90 |
Coconut fiber | 40-50 | 0.4 | 1.12 |
Water to Cement Ratio | Water | Binding Material | Fine Aggregate | Coarse Aggregate | Admixture |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
kg/m3 | |||||
0.5 | 195 | 390 | 672.2 | 1142.8 | 1.95 |
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Dong, S.; Liu, W.; Li, H. Study on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Tunnel Lining Concrete in Coastal Areas. Buildings 2024, 14, 2606. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092606
Dong S, Liu W, Li H. Study on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Tunnel Lining Concrete in Coastal Areas. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2606. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092606
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Sihui, Wei Liu, and Hongyi Li. 2024. "Study on the Mechanical Properties and Durability of Tunnel Lining Concrete in Coastal Areas" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2606. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092606