Urban Polycentricity and Architectural Heritage: A PROMETHEE-Based Multicriteria Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
2.1. Polycentricity with a Focus on the Intraurban Scale
2.2. Ottoman Architecture Heritage of the 19th–20th Centuries
2.3. PROMETHEE as a Multicriteria Decision Analysis Method
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Methodological Approach
- i.
- First, the profile of the study area is examined (population, demographic, economic, spatial structure data, etc.).
- ii.
- An overview of architectural assets linked to Ottoman architecture is attempted based on their morphology, typology, and uses.
- iii.
- In the following step morphological polycentric development degree is estimated in terms of Ottoman asset density, as a novel approach to polycentricity methodology.
- iv.
- Transportation, accessibility, and spatial continuity data are elaborated in order to better investigate polycentricity factors.
- v.
- In order to apply PROMETHEE methodology a set of alternatives/actions and criteria are introduced, based on polycentricity and architectural heritage aspects.
- vi.
- A weight matrix is constructed regarding the defined criteria. Also, the performance of each alternative against each criterion is applied to all alternatives using the Likert scale.
- vii.
- An integrated database is created, including all selected architectural assets, polycentricity and virtual promotion criteria, weights, and the performance of each alternative.
- viii.
- Based on the above analysis (steps i to iv) and PROMETHEE analysis, the final PAH Index is proposed.
- ix.
- The final step includes remarks and recommendations for potential polycentric networking of architectural assets on urban and regional scales.
3.2. Research Area
3.3. Polycentricity Methodology
3.3.1. Subindex A’—Morphological Polycentricity
- ▪
- Location or distribution indicator
- ▪
- Primacy subindex of zones including architectural assets
- ▪
- Rank-size subindex of zones including architectural assets
3.3.2. Ottoman Architecture Assets Defining the Polycentric Zones
- ▪
- Tobacco warehouses
- ▪
- Caravan serais
- ▪
- Khans
3.3.3. Application of Visual PROMETHEE—Net Flow Index Calculation
- Definition of alternative actions/zones
- Definition of decision criteria
- Weight assignment to each criterion
- Evaluation of each zone’s performance against each criterion—Definition of a qualitative scale
- ▪
- Definition of alternatives/actions (polycentric zones)
- ▪
- Definition of decision criteria
- ▪
- Weight assignment to each criterion
- ▪
- Evaluation of each zone’s performance against each criterion—Definition of a qualitative scale
- Very bad (VB).
- Bad (B).
- Average (A).
- Good (G).
- Very Good (VG).
4. Results
4.1. Morphological Polycentricity Analysis Results
4.1.1. Primacy Subindex
4.1.2. Rank-Size Rule Subindex
4.2. PROMETHEE Methodology Results—Introduction of PAH Index
4.2.1. Ranking of the Zones
4.2.2. PROMETHEE Complete Ranking—PAH Index
4.3. Sensitivity Analysis
5. Discussion
Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zone Number | R.U. Included | Municipalities Included | |
---|---|---|---|
Ζ1 | Evros, Rodopi | Didymoteicho (Evros R.U.) | |
Z2 | Didymoteicho (Evros R.U.), Soufli (Evros R.U.) | ||
Z3 | Soufli (Evros R.U.) | ||
Z4 | Didymoteicho (Evros R.U.), Arriana (Rodopi R.U.) | ||
Z5 | Alexandroupoli (Evros R.U.) | ||
Z6 | Rodopi, Xanthi | Komotini, Arriana, Maroneia-Sapes, Iasmos (all based in Rodopi R.U.) | |
Z7 | Komotini, Arriana, Iasmos (all based in Rodopi R.U.) | ||
Z8 | Iasmos (Rodopi R.U.), Komotini (Rodopi R.U.), Miki (Xanthi R.U.), Abdera (Xanthi R.U.) | ||
Z9 | Xanthi, Rodopi | Xanthi (Xanthi R.U.), Abdera (Xanthi R.U.), Iasmos (Rodopi R.U.) | |
Z10 | Miki (Xanthi R.U.), Xanthi (Xanthi R.U.), Iasmos (Rodopi R.U.) | ||
Z11 | Miki, Xanthi (both based in Xanthi R.U.) | ||
Z12 | Miki, Xanthi (both based in Xanthi R.U.) |
Actions | Hypercriteria | Subcriteria |
---|---|---|
Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Z5, Z6, Z7, Z8, Z9, Z10, Z11, Z12 | Polycentricity | Asset density Spatial continuity Accessibility |
Asset virtual promotion | Number of Google citations Number of Sites/Social media |
Thrace—Primacy and Rank-Size Rule Results | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zones (Alternatives) | Hierarchy (per Number of Assets) | ln(Size) | ln(Rank) | Primacy Rate | ln(Size) = α + β × ln(Rank) | ||
Z1 | 6 | 0.69 | 1.79 | 0.080 | α | 10.96 | 0.69 |
Z2 | 8 | 0.00 | 2.08 | 0.040 | β | −0.029 | 4.57 |
Z3 | 3 | 1.10 | 1.10 | 0.120 | |||
Z4 | 4 | 0.69 | 1.39 | 0.080 | |||
Z5 | 5 | 0.69 | 1.61 | 0.080 | |||
Z6 | 1 | 1.61 | 0.00 | 0.200 | |||
Z7 | 9 | 0.00 | 2.20 | 0.040 | |||
Z8 | 7 | 0.69 | 1.95 | 0.080 | |||
Z9 | 2 | 1.10 | 0.69 | 0.120 | |||
Z10 | 7 | 0.69 | 1.95 | 0.080 | |||
Z11 | 10 | 0.00 | 2.30 | 0.040 | |||
Z12 | 11 | 0.00 | 2.40 | 0.040 |
Codes | Criteria | Weights | |
---|---|---|---|
C1 | Number of assets (zone density) | W1 | 0.383 |
C2 | Schedules—regional buses | W2 | 0.095 |
C3 | Schedules—local buses | W3 | 0.060 |
C4 | Railway schedules | W4 | 0.055 |
C5 | Access to Egnatia Motorway (highway overpass) | W5 | 0.055 |
C6 | Access to national road network | W6 | 0.045 |
C7 | Access to local road network | W7 | 0.035 |
C8 | Number of Google citations | W8 | 0.136 |
C9 | Number of sites/social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter) | W9 | 0.136 |
Criteria | C1 | C2 | C3 | C4 | C5 | C6 | C7 | C8 | C9 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alternatives | Z1 | G | VB | VB | VB | VB | VB | A | VB | VB |
Z2 | B | VB | A | VB | VB | VB | A | VB | VB | |
Z3 | VG | VB | A | VB | VB | VB | G | VG | VB | |
Z4 | A | A | A | VB | VB | VB | G | VG | VB | |
Z5 | A | B | VG | VB | G | G | G | VG | B | |
Z6 | G | VG | G | VB | A | G | VG | VB | A | |
Z7 | VB | A | B | VB | VB | VB | VB | VB | VB | |
Z8 | B | G | B | VB | A | A | B | G | VB | |
Z9 | G | G | G | VB | A | G | B | VG | B | |
Z10 | B | B | B | VB | VB | VB | VB | VB | VB | |
Z11 | B | G | G | VB | B | G | B | VG | B | |
Z12 | VB | B | G | VB | B | G | B | VG | B |
Rank | Alternative | Phi | Phi+ | Phi− |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Z9 | 0.5361 | 0.6217 | 0.0856 |
2 | Z6 | 0.5339 | 0.6616 | 0.1277 |
3 | Z5 | 0.3636 | 0.5667 | 0.2031 |
4 | Z3 | 0.2568 | 0.4887 | 0.2319 |
5 | Z11 | 0.141 | 0.4098 | 0.2687 |
6 | Z4 | 0.0461 | 0.3707 | 0.3246 |
7 | Z1 | −0.1024 | 0.2882 | 0.3907 |
8 | Z12 | −0.1455 | 0.3002 | 0.4457 |
9 | Z8 | −0.1725 | 0.2692 | 0.4417 |
10 | Z2 | −0.42 | 0.1073 | 0.5273 |
11 | Z10 | −0.4386 | 0.098 | 0.5366 |
12 | Z7 | −0.5987 | 0.0559 | 0.6545 |
Morphological Polycentricity Density (Hierarchy) | PROMETHEE Ranking |
---|---|
Z6 | Z9 |
Z3 | Z6 |
Z9 | Z5 |
Z1 | Z3 |
Z4 | Z11 |
Z5 | Z4 |
Z8 | Z1 |
Z10 | Z12 |
Z2 | Z8 |
Z7 | Z2 |
Z11 | Z10 |
Z12 | Z7 |
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Sofianou, E.; Papathanasiou, J.; Aretoulis, G. Urban Polycentricity and Architectural Heritage: A PROMETHEE-Based Multicriteria Approach. Buildings 2024, 14, 2659. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092659
Sofianou E, Papathanasiou J, Aretoulis G. Urban Polycentricity and Architectural Heritage: A PROMETHEE-Based Multicriteria Approach. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2659. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092659
Chicago/Turabian StyleSofianou, Evina, Jason Papathanasiou, and George Aretoulis. 2024. "Urban Polycentricity and Architectural Heritage: A PROMETHEE-Based Multicriteria Approach" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2659. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092659