The Influence of Social Mass Environmental Cognition on Consumption Intentions in Green Stadiums from the Perspective of CAC Modeling
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Literature Review and Hypothesis
2.1. Environmental Cognition and Consumption Intentions of Green Stadiums
2.2. The Mediating Role of Natural Connection
2.3. Mediating Role of Perceived Value and Trust in Green Buildings
2.4. Chain-Mediated Effects of Natural Connectivity and Green Building Perceived Value and Trust
3. Study Design
3.1. Research Targets
3.2. Variable Selection
4. Findings
4.1. Common Method Bias Test
4.2. Correlation Test
4.3. Measurement Model Testing
4.3.1. Split Model Test
4.3.2. Second-Order Model Test for Independent Variables
4.4. Mediated Effects Test
5. Analysis and Discussion
5.1. The Impact of Environmental Cognition (and Subcategories) on Consumption Intentions of Green Building Stadiums
5.2. The Important Mediating Role of Perceived Value and Trust in Green Buildings
5.3. Differences in the Chain Path Influence of Environmental Cognition Subcategories on Consumption Intentions for Green Building Stadiums
6. Summary and Outlook
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Variant | Subject | Score |
---|---|---|
Environmental Responsibility (ER) | I have a responsibility to do my part to protect the environment and conserve resources. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree |
I will take the initiative to learn about environmental protection | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
Although my impact is small, I want to contribute to the protection of the environment. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I think my consumer behavior has some impact on the natural environment | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
Environmental Awareness (EA) | I will take the initiative to learn about environmental protection in my life and improve my ability to protect the environment. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree |
I think that adopting environmentally friendly behaviors in professional life is a spontaneous choice | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I will actively encourage my family, friends and colleagues to adopt greener behaviors | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I have always had a positive attitude towards environmental protection and green initiatives | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I believe that action to protect the environment is essential for the development of future generations. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I will pay attention to environmental protection in my personal behavior, such as buying green products, insisting on waste separation, etc. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
Green Self-Efficacy (GSE) | I think I can successfully practice environmental protection | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree |
I feel empowered to help achieve environmental goals | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I think I can actually fulfill my environmental mission. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
Connectedness to Nature (CN) | I think I’m part of the same destiny as nature. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree |
I often feel close to the plants and animals in nature. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I am acutely aware of the impact my actions will have on the natural world. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I think people are part of nature. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I think I’m part of a natural cycle. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
Green Buildings Perceived Value and Trust (GBPVT) | I think environmental claims for green building stadiums are usually credible | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree |
I chose green building because it’s more environmentally friendly than other buildings. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
The environmental performance of green buildings meets my expectations | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
Green Buildings Consumption Intention (GBCI) | I tend to prefer green stadiums for consumption due to environmental concerns | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree |
The reason I choose to consume green stadiums is because of its green performance and other factors that are in line with a healthy life in sports | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree | |
I would recommend my friends and family to spend money on green building stadiums. | 1. strongly disagree 2. somewhat disagree 3. generally 4. somewhat agree 5. strongly agree |
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Name (of a Thing) | Options (as in Computer Software Settings) | Frequency | Percentage (%) |
---|---|---|---|
distinguishing between the sexes | male | 219 | 47.3 |
women | 244 | 52.7 | |
(a person’s) age | 18–30 years | 147 | 31.7 |
31–40 years | 169 | 36.5 | |
41–50 years | 111 | 24 | |
51 and over | 36 | 7.8 | |
education attainment | Bachelor’s degree or above | 274 | 59.2 |
Specialized and below | 189 | 40.8 | |
incomes | less than 5000 | 189 | 40.8 |
5000–10,000 | 170 | 36.7 | |
10,000 or more | 104 | 22.5 |
Ingredient | Initial Eigenvalue | Extract the Sum of the Squares of the Loads | Rotational Load Sum of Squares | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(Grand) Total | Percentage of Variance | Cumulative % | (Grand) Total | Percentage of Variance | Cumulative % | (Grand) Total | Percentage of Variance | Cumulative % | |
1 | 5.731 | 44.082 | 44.082 | 5.731 | 44.082 | 44.082 | 3.652 | 28.092 | 28.092 |
2 | 1.734 | 13.341 | 57.423 | 1.734 | 13.341 | 57.423 | 2.748 | 21.141 | 49.233 |
3 | 1.228 | 9.444 | 66.867 | 1.228 | 9.444 | 66.867 | 2.292 | 17.634 | 66.867 |
4 | 0.558 | 4.291 | 71.158 | ||||||
5 | 0.540 | 4.153 | 75.311 | ||||||
6 | 0.483 | 3.712 | 79.023 | ||||||
7 | 0.457 | 3.512 | 82.535 | ||||||
8 | 0.436 | 3.357 | 85.892 | ||||||
9 | 0.417 | 3.208 | 89.100 | ||||||
10 | 0.400 | 3.073 | 92.173 | ||||||
11 | 0.367 | 2.824 | 94.997 | ||||||
12 | 0.345 | 2.654 | 97.651 | ||||||
13 | 0.305 | 2.349 | 100.000 |
Ingredient | Commonality | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Environmental Awareness | A Sense of Environmental Responsibility | Green Self-Efficacy | ||
ER1 | 0.180 | 0.790 | 0.239 | 0.714 |
ER2 | 0.203 | 0.734 | 0.226 | 0.630 |
ER3 | 0.165 | 0.780 | 0.086 | 0.644 |
ER4 | 0.209 | 0.802 | 0.204 | 0.729 |
EA1 | 0.754 | 0.155 | 0.204 | 0.635 |
EA2 | 0.748 | 0.225 | 0.118 | 0.623 |
EA3 | 0.771 | 0.099 | 0.146 | 0.625 |
EA4 | 0.731 | 0.217 | 0.129 | 0.598 |
EA5 | 0.741 | 0.112 | 0.226 | 0.613 |
EA6 | 0.757 | 0.201 | 0.114 | 0.626 |
GSE1 | 0.217 | 0.163 | 0.849 | 0.794 |
GSE2 | 0.216 | 0.226 | 0.798 | 0.736 |
GSE3 | 0.185 | 0.267 | 0.787 | 0.726 |
CMIN | DF | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | SRMR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
64.357 | 62 | 0.999 | 0.999 | 0.009 | 0.023 |
Sports Event | CMIN | DF | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | SRMR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
six-factor model | 294.122 | 260 | 0.995 | 0.994 | 0.017 | 0.026 |
seven-factor model | 245.499 | 236 | 0.999 | 0.998 | 0.009 | 0.023 |
magnitude of change Δ | 48.623 | 24 | −0.004 | −0.004 | 0.008 | 0.003 |
M | SD | EC | ER | EA | GSE | CN | GBPVT | GBCI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
EC | 3.410 | 0.773 | 1 | ||||||
ER | 3.455 | 0.954 | 0.814 ** | 1 | |||||
EA | 3.401 | 0.897 | 0.784 ** | 0.468 ** | 1 | ||||
GSE | 3.373 | 1.014 | 0.827 ** | 0.506 ** | 0.467 ** | 1 | |||
CN | 3.439 | 0.940 | 0.499 ** | 0.345 ** | 0.395 ** | 0.468 ** | 1 | ||
GBPVT | 3.466 | 0.960 | 0.589 ** | 0.455 ** | 0.509 ** | 0.467 ** | 0.552 ** | 1 | |
GBCI | 3.555 | 0.896 | 0.645 ** | 0.506 ** | 0.516 ** | 0.543 ** | 0.474 ** | 0.595 ** | 1 |
CMIN | DF | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | SRMR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
294.122 | 260 | 0.995 | 0.994 | 0.017 | 0.026 |
Implicit Variable | Independent Variable | SE | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CN | ER | 0.018 | 0.066 | 0.265 | 0.791 |
EA | 0.201 | 0.06 | 3.35 | 0.001 | |
GSE | 0.427 | 0.064 | 6.689 | 0 | |
GBPVT | ER | 0.198 | 0.057 | 3.454 | 0.001 |
EA | 0.262 | 0.053 | 4.926 | 0 | |
GSE | 0.066 | 0.064 | 1.04 | 0.298 | |
CN | 0.388 | 0.048 | 8.031 | 0 | |
GBCI | ER | 0.15 | 0.057 | 2.639 | 0.008 |
EA | 0.152 | 0.055 | 2.778 | 0.005 | |
GSE | 0.24 | 0.061 | 3.939 | 0 | |
CN | 0.073 | 0.055 | 1.34 | 0.18 | |
GBPVT | 0.335 | 0.059 | 5.647 | 0 |
CMIN | DF | CFI | TLI | RMSEA | SRMR |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
311.538 | 266 | 0.993 | 0.992 | 0.019 | 0.030 |
Implicit Variable | Independent Variable | SE | t | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CN | EC | 0.617 | 0.041 | 15.171 | 0 |
GBPVT | EC | 0.566 | 0.058 | 9.72 | 0 |
CN | 0.267 | 0.058 | 4.586 | 0 | |
GBCI | EC | 0.657 | 0.079 | 8.27 | 0 |
CN | 0.015 | 0.058 | 0.25 | 0.803 | |
GBPVT | 0.188 | 0.075 | 2.491 | 0.013 |
Effect (Scientific Phenomenon) | Trails | Efficiency Value | Magnitude of Effect | t-Value | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Limit | Limit | |||||
A sense of environmental responsibility | ||||||
direct effect | ER→GBCI | 0.15 | 68.18% | 2.197 * | 0.0265 | 0.293 |
indirect effect | ER→CN→GBCI | 0.001 | 0.45% | 0.151 | −0.01 | 0.028 |
ER→GBPVT→GBCI (int1) | 0.066 | 30.00% | 2.089 * | 0.014 | 0.141 | |
ER→CN→GBPVT →GBCI | 0.002 | 0.91% | 0.212 | −0.019 | 0.024 | |
Total indirect effect | 0.07 | 31.82% | 2.097 * | 0.012 | 0.0142 | |
aggregate effect | 0.22 | 100.00% | 2.766 ** | 0.066 | 0.375 | |
environmental awareness | ||||||
direct effect | EA→GBCI | 0.152 | 54.09% | 2.291 * | 0.03 | 0.291 |
indirect effect | EA→CN→GBCI | 0.015 | 5.34% | 0.877 | −0.01 | 0.058 |
EA→GBPVT→GBCI (int2) | 0.088 | 31.32% | 2.685 ** | 0.038 | 0.171 | |
EA→CN→GBPVT →GBCI (int3) | 0.026 | 9.25% | 2.188 * | 0.009 | 0.058 | |
Total indirect effect | 0.129 | 45.91% | 3.699 *** | 0.073 | 0.21 | |
aggregate effect | 0.281 | 100.00% | 4.327 *** | 0.163 | 0.418 | |
Green self-efficacy | ||||||
direct effect | GSE→GBCI | 0.24; | 68.77% | 3.064 ** | 0.096 | 0.402 |
indirect effect | GSE→CN→GBCI | 0.031 | 8.88% | 1.062 | −0.025 | 0.093 |
GSE→GBPVT→GBCI | 0.022 | 6.30% | 0.741 | −0.033 | 0.087 | |
GSE→CN→GBPVT →GBCI (int4) | 0.056 | 16.05% | 2.513 * | 0.025 | 0.116 | |
Total indirect effect | 0.109 | 31.23% | 2.726 * | 0.04 | 0.201 | |
aggregate effect | 0.349 | 100.00% | 4.478 *** | 0.206 | 0.514 |
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Cao, L.; Hou, Y.; Shen, X.; Feng, S.; Liu, C.; Huang, Q. The Influence of Social Mass Environmental Cognition on Consumption Intentions in Green Stadiums from the Perspective of CAC Modeling. Buildings 2024, 14, 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092744
Cao L, Hou Y, Shen X, Feng S, Liu C, Huang Q. The Influence of Social Mass Environmental Cognition on Consumption Intentions in Green Stadiums from the Perspective of CAC Modeling. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092744
Chicago/Turabian StyleCao, Luning, Yuyang Hou, Xinyi Shen, Shunan Feng, Chenfan Liu, and Qian Huang. 2024. "The Influence of Social Mass Environmental Cognition on Consumption Intentions in Green Stadiums from the Perspective of CAC Modeling" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2744. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092744