Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Compressive Constitutive Model of Recycled Concrete under Sulfate Attack Considering the Effects of Multiple Factors
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Program
2.1. Raw Materials
2.2. Preparation of Recycled Coarse Aggregate
2.3. Preparation of Specimens
2.4. Sulfate Attack Test
2.5. Compressive Strength, Compressive Stress–Strain Curve, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Tests
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of Failure Patterns
3.2. Analysis of Cubic Compressive Strengths
3.3. Analysis of Axial Compressive Strength
3.4. Compressive Stress–Strain Curve and Compressive Constitutive Model
3.5. Analysis of Microscopic Morphology
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The higher the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregates and water–cement ratio and the lower the waste concrete strength, the more obvious the reductions in the cubic compressive strength, with a maximum reduction of 38.48%. Compared with the recycled concrete under the non-corrosive environment, the cubic compressive strength of recycled concrete under dry–wet cycles of water with water–cement ratio of 0.50, waste concrete strength of C40, and recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio of 50% increases by 20.96%.
- (2)
- The corrosion resistance coefficient of recycled concrete decreases linearly with the increase in the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregates. With the increase in water–cement ratio and decrease in waste concrete strength, the corrosion resistance coefficient decreases, with a maximum decrease of 21.00%. Considering the effects of the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregates, waste concrete strength, and water–cement ratio, a prediction model for the corrosion resistance coefficient and a prediction model for the cubic compressive strength of recycled concrete under sulfate attack are proposed.
- (3)
- The higher the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregates and water–cement ratio and the lower waste concrete strength, the more significant the reductions in the axial compressive strength, with a maximum reduction of 37.82%. Compared with recycled concrete under the non-corrosive environment, the axial compressive strength of recycled concrete with water–cement ratio of 0.50, waste concrete strength of C40, and recycled coarse aggregate replacement ratio of 50% under dry–wet cycles of water increases by 17.05%. A prediction model for the axial compressive strength and a compressive constitutive model of recycled concrete under sulfate attack considering the effects of the replacement ratio of recycled coarse aggregates, waste concrete strength, and water–cement ratio are established.
- (4)
- The pore structure of recycled concrete is significantly destroyed by the expansion stress generated by Na2SO4 crystals on the pore walls, the concrete matrix becomes loose, and the bonding ability between the recycled aggregates and the mortar decreases.
- (5)
- In this study, the exploration of the mechanical properties of recycled concrete under sulfate attack is conducted on a material level, and the research results can provide theoretical basis, data support, and design methods for durability in engineering applications using recycled concrete under sulfate attack. Further research can be conducted on the mechanical properties of recycled concrete components or structures under sulfate attack, taking into account the effects of more factors.
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SiO2 | Al2O3 | Fe2O3 | CaO | MgO | SO3 | Loss |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
22.25 | 4.98 | 3.47 | 64.84 | 0.81 | 0.81 | 2.84 |
Apparent Density (kg/m3) | Mud Block Content (%) | Mud Powder Content (%) | Needle and Flake Particle Content (%) | Crushing Index (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
2650 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 7 | 14 |
Recycled Coarse Aggregate | Apparent Density (kg/m3) | Crushing Index (%) | Water Absorption (%) | Porosity (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
C30 | 2495 | 14 | 6.4 | 13.8 |
C40 | 2467 | 10 | 4.5 | 9.9 |
Specimen Number | Waste Concrete Strength | Water–Cement Ratio | Replacement Ratio of Recycled Coarse Aggregates (%) | Corrosive Environment |
---|---|---|---|---|
NAC–N0.50 | — | 0.50 | 0 | None |
NAC–S0.50 | Sulfate solution | |||
NAC–N0.60 | 0.60 | 0 | None | |
NAC–S0.60 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC30–R30–N0.50 | C30 | 0.50 | 30 | None |
RAC30–R30–S0.50 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC30–R50–N0.50 | 50 | None | ||
RAC30–R50–W0.50 | Tap water | |||
RAC30–R50–S0.50 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC30–R100–N0.50 | 100 | None | ||
RAC30–R100–S0.50 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC30–R30–N0.60 | 0.60 | 30 | None | |
RAC30–R30–S0.60 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC30–R50–N0.60 | 50 | None | ||
RAC30–R50–W0.60 | Tap water | |||
RAC30–R50–S0.60 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC30–R100–N0.60 | 100 | None | ||
RAC30–R100–S0.60 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC40–R30–N0.50 | C40 | 0.50 | 30 | None |
RAC40–R30–S0.50 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC40–R50–N0.50 | 50 | None | ||
RAC40–R50–W0.50 | Tap water | |||
RAC40–R50–S0.50 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC40–R100–N0.50 | 100 | None | ||
RAC40–R100–S0.50 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC40–R30–N0.60 | 0.60 | 30 | None | |
RAC40–R30–S0.60 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC40–R50–N0.60 | 50 | None | ||
RAC40–R50–W0.60 | Tap water | |||
RAC40–R50–S0.60 | Sulfate solution | |||
RAC40–R100–N0.60 | 100 | None | ||
RAC40–R100–S0.60 | Sulfate solution |
Water–Cement Ratio | Cement (kg/m3) | Water (kg/m3) | Sand (kg/m3) | Coarse Aggregates (kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.50 | 390 | 195 | 635.25 | 1179.75 |
0.60 | 325 | 195 | 658 | 1222 |
Specimen Number | a | b |
---|---|---|
NAC–S0.50 | 1.5391 | 3.1324 |
NAC–S0.60 | 2.1523 | 1.7400 |
RAC30–R30–S0.50 | 1.7950 | 2.3455 |
RAC30–R50–S0.50 | 2.2512 | 1.9512 |
RAC30–R100–S0.50 | 3.1005 | 2.1476 |
RAC30–R30–S0.60 | 2.3873 | 1.4549 |
RAC30–R50–S0.60 | 3.0773 | 1.4337 |
RAC30–R100–S0.60 | 4.9639 | 1.2775 |
RAC40–R30–S0.50 | 1.7581 | 2.3700 |
RAC40–R50–S0.50 | 1.9416 | 2.7759 |
RAC40–R100–S0.50 | 2.4141 | 2.8049 |
RAC40–R30–S0.60 | 2.3580 | 1.5698 |
RAC40–R50–S0.60 | 2.4668 | 1.5476 |
RAC40–R100–S0.60 | 3.4459 | 2.1859 |
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Gu, R.; Wang, J.; Li, B.; Qi, D.; Gao, X.; Yang, Z. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Compressive Constitutive Model of Recycled Concrete under Sulfate Attack Considering the Effects of Multiple Factors. Buildings 2024, 14, 2761. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092761
Gu R, Wang J, Li B, Qi D, Gao X, Yang Z. Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Compressive Constitutive Model of Recycled Concrete under Sulfate Attack Considering the Effects of Multiple Factors. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2761. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092761
Chicago/Turabian StyleGu, Rui, Jian Wang, Benpeng Li, Di Qi, Xiaohu Gao, and Zhiyong Yang. 2024. "Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties and Compressive Constitutive Model of Recycled Concrete under Sulfate Attack Considering the Effects of Multiple Factors" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2761. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092761