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Volume 14
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10.3390/buildings14092816
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Article

Comparative Study of Optimal Flat Double-Layer Space Structures with Diverse Geometries through Genetic Algorithm

by
Yaser Shahbazi
1,
Mahsa Abdkarimi
1,
Farhad Ahmadnejad
1,
Mohsen Mokhtari Kashavar
1,
Mohammad Fotouhi
2,* and
Siamak Pedrammehr
3
1
Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz 5164736931, Iran
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
3
Faculty of Design, Tabriz Islamic Art University, Tabriz 5164736931, Iran
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Buildings 2024, 14(9), 2816; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092816
Submission received: 9 August 2024 / Revised: 30 August 2024 / Accepted: 5 September 2024 / Published: 7 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Performance of Buildings Structures and Materials)
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Abstract

This paper investigates the structural performance of flat double-layer grids with various constitutive units, addressing a notable gap in the literature on diverse geometries. Six common types of flat double-layer grids are selected to provide a comprehensive comparison to understand their structural performance. Parametric models are built using Rhino and Grasshopper plugins. Single- and multi-objective optimization processes are conducted on the considered models to evaluate structural mass and maximum deflection. The number of constitutive units, the structural depth, and the cross-section diameter of the members are selected as design variables. The analysis reveals that the semi-octahedron upon square-grid configuration excels in minimizing structural mass and deflection. Furthermore, models lacking a full pyramid form exhibit higher deflections. Sensitivity analyses disclose the critical influence of the design variables, particularly highlighting the sensitivity of structural mass to the number of constitutive units and cross-section diameter. These findings offer valuable insights and practical design considerations for optimizing double-layer grid space structures.
Keywords: double-layer grid; sensitivity analysis; optimization; genetic algorithm; constitutive unit double-layer grid; sensitivity analysis; optimization; genetic algorithm; constitutive unit

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MDPI and ACS Style

Shahbazi, Y.; Abdkarimi, M.; Ahmadnejad, F.; Mokhtari Kashavar, M.; Fotouhi, M.; Pedrammehr, S. Comparative Study of Optimal Flat Double-Layer Space Structures with Diverse Geometries through Genetic Algorithm. Buildings 2024, 14, 2816. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092816

AMA Style

Shahbazi Y, Abdkarimi M, Ahmadnejad F, Mokhtari Kashavar M, Fotouhi M, Pedrammehr S. Comparative Study of Optimal Flat Double-Layer Space Structures with Diverse Geometries through Genetic Algorithm. Buildings. 2024; 14(9):2816. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092816

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shahbazi, Yaser, Mahsa Abdkarimi, Farhad Ahmadnejad, Mohsen Mokhtari Kashavar, Mohammad Fotouhi, and Siamak Pedrammehr. 2024. "Comparative Study of Optimal Flat Double-Layer Space Structures with Diverse Geometries through Genetic Algorithm" Buildings 14, no. 9: 2816. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092816

APA Style

Shahbazi, Y., Abdkarimi, M., Ahmadnejad, F., Mokhtari Kashavar, M., Fotouhi, M., & Pedrammehr, S. (2024). Comparative Study of Optimal Flat Double-Layer Space Structures with Diverse Geometries through Genetic Algorithm. Buildings, 14(9), 2816. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14092816

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