Peer Attachment and Self-Control: Implication on Social Anxiety in Young Adults
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Instruments
2.3. Procedure and Data Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Variance in Peer Attachment, Social Anxiety and Self-Control according to Sex, Sleep Time and Physical Exercise in Young Adults
3.2. Role of Peer Attachment and Self-Control in Social Anxiety
4. Discussion
5. Practical Implications, Limitations and Future Studies
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Sex | IC 95% | Direction of Significant Differences | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 = Male (N = 145) M ± SD | 2 = Female (N = 262) M ± SD | 1 = Male | 2 = Female | ||
Attachment to Peers | |||||
Communication | 4.22 ± 0.82 | 4.53 ± 0.83 | [4.08; 4.35] | [4.43; 4.63] | 1 < 2 |
Alienation | 2.76 ± 0.95 | 2.55 ± 0.93 | [2.61; 2.91] | [2.44; 2.66] | 1 > 2 |
Confidence | 4.58 ± 0.77 | 4.77 ± 0.79 | [4.46; 4.71] | [4.67; 4.86] | 1 > 2 |
Social anxiety | |||||
Anxiety | 2.07 ± 0.62 | 2.41 ± 0.64 | [1.97; 2.17] | [2.33; 2.49] | 1 < 2 |
Avoidance | 2.04 ± 0.60 | 2.17 ± 0.64 | [1.94; 2.15] | [2.16; 2.31] | 1 < 2 |
Self-control | |||||
Self-centeredness | 1.94 ± 0.55 | 1.63 ± 0.53 | [1.86; 2.03] | [1.57; 1.70] | 1 > 2 |
Tendency to take risks | 2.44 ± 0.62 | 2.06 ± 0.69 | [2.33; 2.55] | [1.98; 2.15] | 1 > 2 |
Variables | Sleep Time | IC 95% | Direction of Significant Differences | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 ≤7 h (N = 222) M ± SD | 2 ≥8 h (N = 185) M ± SD | 1 = ≤7 h | 2 = ≥8 h | ||
Social anxiety | |||||
Anxiety | 2.37 ± 0.69 | 2.19 ± 0.60 | [2.28; 2.45] | [2.10; 2.29] | 1 > 2 |
Avoidance | 2.23 ± 0.67 | 2.09 ± 0.59 | [2.15; 2.31] | [2.00; 2.18] | 1 > 2 |
Self-control | |||||
Tendency to take risks | 2.27 ± 0.69 | 2.11 ± 0.68 | [2.18; 2.36] | [2.01; 2.21] | 1 > 2 |
Explosive temper | 2.07 ± 0.70 | 1.89 ± 0.73 | [1.98; 2.16] | [1.79; 2.00] | 1 > 2 |
Variables | Physical Exercise Practice | IC 95% | Direction of Significant Differences | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 = Never or Almost Never (N = 106) M ± SD | 2 = With Some Frequency (N = 205) M ± SD | 3 = Very Often (N = 96) M ± SD | 1 = Never or Almost Never | 2 = With Some Frequency | 3 = Very Often | ||
Social anxiety | |||||||
Anxiety | 2.50 ± 0.67 | 2.28 ± 0.65 | 2.08 ± 0.60 | [2.37; 2.62] | [2.19; 2.37] | [1.96; 2.21] | 1 > 2; 1 > 3 |
Avoidance | 2.33 ± 0.66 | 2.16 ± 0.64 | 2.01 ± 0.56 | [2.21; 2.45] | [2.07; 2.25] | [1.88; 2.13] | 1 > 3 |
Self-control | |||||||
Self-centeredness | 1.68 ± 0.55 | 1.76 ± 0.57 | 1.97 ± 0.55 | [1.58; 1.79] | [1.69; 1.84] | [1.66; 1.89] | n.s. |
Tendency to take risks | 2.00 ± 0.72 | 2.21 ± 0.66 | 2.39 ± 0.65 | [1.87; 2.12] | [2.12; 2.31] | [2.26; 2.53] | 1 < 2; 1 < 3 |
Explosive temper | 2.08 ± 0.77 | 1.99 ± 0.70 | 1.89 ± 0.69 | [1.95; 2.22] | [1.89; 2.09] | [1.74; 2.03] | n.s. |
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Mota, C.P.; Mateus, D.; Relva, I.C.; Costa, M. Peer Attachment and Self-Control: Implication on Social Anxiety in Young Adults. Soc. Sci. 2024, 13, 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090445
Mota CP, Mateus D, Relva IC, Costa M. Peer Attachment and Self-Control: Implication on Social Anxiety in Young Adults. Social Sciences. 2024; 13(9):445. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090445
Chicago/Turabian StyleMota, Catarina Pinheiro, Diogo Mateus, Inês Carvalho Relva, and Mónica Costa. 2024. "Peer Attachment and Self-Control: Implication on Social Anxiety in Young Adults" Social Sciences 13, no. 9: 445. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci13090445