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Volume 10
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10.3390/pathogens10081061
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Article

General Characteristics of Children with Single- and Co-Infections and Febrile Seizures with a Main Focus on Respiratory Pathogens: Preliminary Results

by
Henriette Rudolph
1,
Katharina Gress
1,
Christel Weiss
2,
Horst Schroten
1,
Ortwin Adams
3 and
Tobias Tenenbaum
1,*
1
Paediatric Infectious Diseases, University Children’s Hospital Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
2
Institute of Medical Statistics and Biomathematics, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
3
Institute of Virology, University Children’s Hospital, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2021, 10(8), 1061; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081061
Submission received: 12 July 2021 / Revised: 11 August 2021 / Accepted: 17 August 2021 / Published: 20 August 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Respiratory Tract Infections in Children)
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Abstract

Febrile seizures (FS) affect up to 5% of children. The pathogen etiology in regard of viral loads has never been investigated. In a prospective cohort study we investigated the correlation between virus type and quantity in nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) and the clinical characteristics in pediatric patients with a FS. From January 2014 to April 2016, 184 children with a FS were prospectively enrolled. The mean age of all included children was 26.7 ± 18.3 months with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. Males with an acute disease and a short duration or absence of prior symptoms had a higher risk for complex FS. The majority of patients with FS presented with a generalized convulsion (180; 98%) and was admitted to hospital (178; 97%). Overall, 79 (43%) single and in 59 (32%) co-infections were detected. Human herpes virus 6 (HHV6), influenza, adenovirus (AV) and rhinovirus (RV) were the dominant pathogens, all detected with clinically significant high viral loads. HHV6 positive cases were significantly younger and less likely to have a positive family/personal history for FS. Influenza positives showed a higher rate of complex seizures, lower leukocyte and higher monocyte counts. AV positive cases were more likely to have a positive family history for FS and showed higher C-reactive protein values. In conclusion, a high viral load may contribute to the development of a FS in respiratory tract infections.
Keywords: febrile seizure; respiratory pathogens; HHV6; influenza; AV; rhinovirus; viral load febrile seizure; respiratory pathogens; HHV6; influenza; AV; rhinovirus; viral load

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MDPI and ACS Style

Rudolph, H.; Gress, K.; Weiss, C.; Schroten, H.; Adams, O.; Tenenbaum, T. General Characteristics of Children with Single- and Co-Infections and Febrile Seizures with a Main Focus on Respiratory Pathogens: Preliminary Results. Pathogens 2021, 10, 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081061

AMA Style

Rudolph H, Gress K, Weiss C, Schroten H, Adams O, Tenenbaum T. General Characteristics of Children with Single- and Co-Infections and Febrile Seizures with a Main Focus on Respiratory Pathogens: Preliminary Results. Pathogens. 2021; 10(8):1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081061

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rudolph, Henriette, Katharina Gress, Christel Weiss, Horst Schroten, Ortwin Adams, and Tobias Tenenbaum. 2021. "General Characteristics of Children with Single- and Co-Infections and Febrile Seizures with a Main Focus on Respiratory Pathogens: Preliminary Results" Pathogens 10, no. 8: 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081061

APA Style

Rudolph, H., Gress, K., Weiss, C., Schroten, H., Adams, O., & Tenenbaum, T. (2021). General Characteristics of Children with Single- and Co-Infections and Febrile Seizures with a Main Focus on Respiratory Pathogens: Preliminary Results. Pathogens, 10(8), 1061. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10081061

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