Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines in Adults

Farrar, Jennifer L.; Childs, Lana; Ouattara, Mahamoudou; Akhter, Fahmina; Britton, Amadea; Pilishvili, Tamara; Kobayashi, Miwako

doi:10.3390/pathogens12050732

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceSystematic Review

Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines in Adults

by

Jennifer L. Farrar

^1,*

,

Lana Childs

²,

Mahamoudou Ouattara

¹,

Fahmina Akhter

¹,

Amadea Britton

¹,

Tamara Pilishvili

¹ and

Miwako Kobayashi

¹

Respiratory Diseases Branch, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA

²

CDC Foundation, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Pathogens 2023, 12(5), 732; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050732

Submission received: 30 March 2023 / Revised: 12 May 2023 / Accepted: 17 May 2023 / Published: 19 May 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Acute Respiratory Infections: Diagnosis, Treatment, Complications and Prevention)

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Abstract

New pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), 15- and 20-valent (PCV15 and PCV20), have been licensed for use among U.S. adults based on safety and immunogenicity data compared with the previously recommended 13-valent PCV (PCV13) and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines (PPSV23). We conducted a systematic review of the literature on PCV13 and PPSV23 efficacy (randomized controlled trials [RCTs]) or effectiveness (observational studies) against vaccine type (PCV13 type or PPSV23 type, respectively), invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), and pneumococcal pneumonia (PP) in adults. We utilized the search strategy from a previous systematic review of the literature published during the period from January 2016 to April 2019, and updated the search through March 2022. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias 2.0 tool and the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. When feasible, meta-analyses were conducted. Of the 5085 titles identified, 19 studies were included. One RCT reported PCV13 efficacy of 75% (PCV13-type IPD) and 45% (PCV13-type PP). Three studies each reported PCV13 effectiveness against PCV13-type IPD (range 47% to 68%) and against PCV13-type PP (range 38% to 68%). The pooled PPSV23 effectiveness was 45% (95% CI: 37%, 51%) against PPSV23-type IPD (nine studies) and 18% (95% CI: −4%, 35%) against PPSV23-type PP (five studies). Despite the heterogeneity across studies, our findings suggest that PCV13 and PPSV23 protect against VT-IPD and VT-PP in adults.

Keywords: pneumococcal vaccine; invasive pneumococcal disease; pneumonia; adults; vaccine effectiveness

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MDPI and ACS Style

Farrar, J.L.; Childs, L.; Ouattara, M.; Akhter, F.; Britton, A.; Pilishvili, T.; Kobayashi, M. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines in Adults. Pathogens 2023, 12, 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050732

AMA Style

Farrar JL, Childs L, Ouattara M, Akhter F, Britton A, Pilishvili T, Kobayashi M. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines in Adults. Pathogens. 2023; 12(5):732. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050732

Chicago/Turabian Style

Farrar, Jennifer L., Lana Childs, Mahamoudou Ouattara, Fahmina Akhter, Amadea Britton, Tamara Pilishvili, and Miwako Kobayashi. 2023. "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines in Adults" Pathogens 12, no. 5: 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050732

APA Style

Farrar, J. L., Childs, L., Ouattara, M., Akhter, F., Britton, A., Pilishvili, T., & Kobayashi, M. (2023). Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines in Adults. Pathogens, 12(5), 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050732

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Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Efficacy and Effectiveness of Pneumococcal Vaccines in Adults

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