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Volume 13
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10.3390/pathogens13070577
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Article

Plasma Photoinactivation of Bacterial Isolated from Blood Donors Skin: Potential of Security Barrier in Transfusional Therapy

by
Yanet Ventura-Enríquez
1,†,
Antonio Casas-Guerrero
2,†,
María de Jesús Sánchez-Guzmán
2,†,
Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz
2,
Clemente Cruz-Cruz
2,3,
Andres Emmanuel Nolasco-Rojas
2,3,
Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel
2,3,
Dulce Milagros Razo Blanco-Hernández
2,
Francisco Álvarez-Mora
2,
Gabriela Ibáñez-Cervantes
2,3,
Mónica Alethia Cureño-Díaz
2,
Juan Manuel Bello-López
2,* and
Verónica Fernández-Sánchez
1,2,4,*
1
Banco de Sangre, Centro Médico Naval (CEMENAV), Mexico City 04470, Mexico
2
Hospital Juárez de México, Mexico City 07760, Mexico
3
Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
4
Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala (FES-Iztacala), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 54090, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally in this work.
Pathogens 2024, 13(7), 577; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070577
Submission received: 28 May 2024 / Revised: 5 July 2024 / Accepted: 9 July 2024 / Published: 11 July 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases)
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Abstract

The presence of skin bacteria capable of forming biofilm, exhibiting antibiotic resistance, and displaying virulence represents a significant challenge in the field of transfusion medicine. This underscores the necessity of enhancing the microbiological safety of blood and blood components against pathogens with virulent characteristics. The aim of this work was to demonstrate bacterial inactivation in plasma by using a photoinactivation method against virulent bacteria and to evaluate coagulation factors before and after treatment. Logarithmic loads of biofilm-producing, antibiotic-resistant, and virulent bacteria isolated from skin (Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella ozaenae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis) were used in artificial contamination assays of fresh frozen plasma bags and subjected to photoreduction. FVIII and FI activity were evaluated before and after photoinactivation. The photoinactivation of plasma was demonstrated to be an effective method for the elimination of these bacteria. However, the efficiency of this method was found to be dependent on the bacterial load and the type of test microorganism. Conversely, decay of coagulation factors was observed with net residual activities of 61 and 69% for FVIII and FI, respectively. The photoinactivation system could have a bias in its effectiveness that is dependent on the test pathogen. These findings highlight the importance of employing technologies that increase the safety of the recipient of blood and/or blood components, especially against virulent bacteria, and show the relevance of the role of photoinactivation systems as an option in transfusion practice.
Keywords: bacterial inactivation; skin bacteria; plasma; blood components; riboflavin; UV light bacterial inactivation; skin bacteria; plasma; blood components; riboflavin; UV light

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ventura-Enríquez, Y.; Casas-Guerrero, A.; Sánchez-Guzmán, M.d.J.; Loyola-Cruz, M.Á.; Cruz-Cruz, C.; Nolasco-Rojas, A.E.; Durán-Manuel, E.M.; Blanco-Hernández, D.M.R.; Álvarez-Mora, F.; Ibáñez-Cervantes, G.; et al. Plasma Photoinactivation of Bacterial Isolated from Blood Donors Skin: Potential of Security Barrier in Transfusional Therapy. Pathogens 2024, 13, 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070577

AMA Style

Ventura-Enríquez Y, Casas-Guerrero A, Sánchez-Guzmán MdJ, Loyola-Cruz MÁ, Cruz-Cruz C, Nolasco-Rojas AE, Durán-Manuel EM, Blanco-Hernández DMR, Álvarez-Mora F, Ibáñez-Cervantes G, et al. Plasma Photoinactivation of Bacterial Isolated from Blood Donors Skin: Potential of Security Barrier in Transfusional Therapy. Pathogens. 2024; 13(7):577. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070577

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ventura-Enríquez, Yanet, Antonio Casas-Guerrero, María de Jesús Sánchez-Guzmán, Miguel Ángel Loyola-Cruz, Clemente Cruz-Cruz, Andres Emmanuel Nolasco-Rojas, Emilio Mariano Durán-Manuel, Dulce Milagros Razo Blanco-Hernández, Francisco Álvarez-Mora, Gabriela Ibáñez-Cervantes, and et al. 2024. "Plasma Photoinactivation of Bacterial Isolated from Blood Donors Skin: Potential of Security Barrier in Transfusional Therapy" Pathogens 13, no. 7: 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070577

APA Style

Ventura-Enríquez, Y., Casas-Guerrero, A., Sánchez-Guzmán, M. d. J., Loyola-Cruz, M. Á., Cruz-Cruz, C., Nolasco-Rojas, A. E., Durán-Manuel, E. M., Blanco-Hernández, D. M. R., Álvarez-Mora, F., Ibáñez-Cervantes, G., Cureño-Díaz, M. A., Bello-López, J. M., & Fernández-Sánchez, V. (2024). Plasma Photoinactivation of Bacterial Isolated from Blood Donors Skin: Potential of Security Barrier in Transfusional Therapy. Pathogens, 13(7), 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13070577

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