Gammaherpesvirus Infection Stimulates Lung Tumor-Promoting Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. MHV68 Preparation
2.2. Animal Model
2.3. RNA Preparation and Analysis
2.4. Reverse Transcription-Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR)
2.5. Protein Extraction of Mouse Lung Tissue
2.6. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)
2.7. Tumor Counting
2.8. Immunofluorescence
2.9. Flow Cytometry
2.10. Immunoprecipitation of Methylated mRNAs (m6A Me-RIP Assay)
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. MHV68 Induces Type 17 Cytokines during Virus Infection
3.2. MHV68 Infection Promotes Proliferative Lesions in Tumor-Bearing Mice
3.3. Promotion of Inflammation by MHV68 Infection
3.4. Disparate Recruitment of Immune Cells in Wild-Type and K-RasLA1 Mice
3.5. IL-6 Induction and Localization in Tumor-Bearing Mice
3.6. Evaluation of Immune Cells in MHV68-Infected Tumor-Bearing Mice
3.7. Differential m6A Methylation of Immune Cell Selective mRNAs in MHV68-Infected Tumor-Bearing Mice
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer | Forward Sequence | Reverse Sequence |
---|---|---|
ORF65 | 5′GTCAGGGCCCAGTCCGTA3′ | 5′TGGCCCTCTACCTTCTGTTGA3′ |
IL-17A | 5′CAGACTACCTCAACCGTTCCAC3′ | 5′TCCAGCTTTCCCTCCGCATTGA3′ |
IL-6 | 5′TACCACTTCACAAGTCGGAGGC3′ | 5′CTGCAAGTGCATCATCGTTGTT3′ |
CXCL1 | 5′CTGGGATTCACCTCAAGAACATC3′ | 5′CAGGGTCAAGGCAAGCCTC3′ |
CSF3 | 5′ATGGCTCAACTTTCTGCCCAG3′ | 5′CTGACAGTGACCAGGGGAAC3′ |
CD84 | 5′ATATAGCTGGAGTCCCTTTGGAG3′ | 5′AAAGAGCACGGCCAATCCTC3′ |
JAML | 5′ATGCTTTGCCTCCTGAAACTG3′ | 5′TGATTCACCCACATGCACTCT3′ |
ß-actin | 5′GATGTATGAAAGCTTTGGTC3′ | 5′TGTGCACTTTTATTGGTCTC3′ |
Antibody | Detection | Source and Catalog Number |
---|---|---|
Purified Rat Anti-Mouse Ly6G (1A8) | Ly6G | BD Pharmingen cat#: 551459/clone1A8 |
Rabbit IL-6 Antibody | IL-6 | Novus Biologicals cat#: NB600-1131 |
Goat Anti-Rat IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor 647) | Secondary anti-rat | Abcam cat#: ab150159 |
Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor 488) | Secondary anti-rabbit | Abcam cat#: ab150077 |
Rat APC-eFluor780 CD11b | CD11b | Invitrogen cat#: 47-0112-80/clone M1/70 |
Rat APC Anti-Mouse Ly6C | Ly6C | BioLegend cat#: 128015/clone HK1.4 |
Mouse V500 Mouse Anti-Mouse CD45.2 | CD45.2 | BD Horizon cat#: 562130/clone 104 |
PE Rat Anti-Mouse Ly6G (1A8) | Ly6G | BD Pharmingen/cat#: 561104/clone 1A8 |
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Mukhopadhyay, S.S.; Swan, K.F.; Pridjian, G.; Kolls, J.K.; Zhuang, Y.; Yin, Q.; Lasky, J.A.; Flemington, E.; Morris, C.A.; Lin, Z.; et al. Gammaherpesvirus Infection Stimulates Lung Tumor-Promoting Inflammation. Pathogens 2024, 13, 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090747
Mukhopadhyay SS, Swan KF, Pridjian G, Kolls JK, Zhuang Y, Yin Q, Lasky JA, Flemington E, Morris CA, Lin Z, et al. Gammaherpesvirus Infection Stimulates Lung Tumor-Promoting Inflammation. Pathogens. 2024; 13(9):747. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090747
Chicago/Turabian StyleMukhopadhyay, Sudurika S., Kenneth F. Swan, Gabriella Pridjian, Jay K. Kolls, Yan Zhuang, Qinyan Yin, Joseph A. Lasky, Erik Flemington, Cindy A. Morris, Zhen Lin, and et al. 2024. "Gammaherpesvirus Infection Stimulates Lung Tumor-Promoting Inflammation" Pathogens 13, no. 9: 747. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13090747