Probiotics Modulate Tilapia Resistance and Immune Response against Tilapia Lake Virus Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Bacillus spp. Probiotics Improve Tilapia Survival against TiLV Infection
2.2. Differential Viral Load Assessment
2.3. Differential Modulation of Antiviral Response Markers during TiLV Infection
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Experimental Fish Source and Use
5.2. Experimental Diet and Feeding
5.3. TiLV Source
5.4. TiLV Infection Challenge
5.5. Growth Performances
- WG = [final body weight (g) − initial body weight(g)] ÷ initial body weight(g)
- Feed efficiency (FE) = [weight gain(g) ÷ amount of ingested feed (g)]
- FCR = feed intake ÷ weight gain
- ADG (g) = weight gain ÷ number of days on feed
5.6. Total RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis
5.7. Viral Load Quantification
5.8. Gene Expression Analysis by RT-qPCR
5.9. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Treatments | ||
---|---|---|---|
Control Diet | 0.5% Probiotics | 1% Probiotics | |
Initial weight (g) | 11.4 ± 0.82 | 11.3 ± 1.04 | 9.9 ± 0.20 |
Final weight (g) | 24.9 ± 0.99 | 25.0 ± 0.78 | 24.2 ± 0.24 |
Weight gain (g) | 13.6 ± 0.18 | 13.7 ± 0.61 | 14.3 ± 0.10 |
Weight gain (%) | 218.1 ± 7.59 | 220.2 ± 15.65 | 242.1 ± 2.79 |
Feed efficiency | 0.97 ± 0.01 | 0.98 ± 0.04 | 1.02 ± 0.007 |
Average daily gain (ADG) (g) | 0.65 ± 0.009 | 0.65 ± 0.02 | 0.68 ± 0.004 |
Feed conversion ratio (FCR) | 1.03 ± 0.01 | 1.02 ± 0.04 | 0.98 ± 0.006 |
Gene | Primer Sequence (5′-3′) | Amplicon Size (bp) | Accession Number | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
β-actin | F: GTGGGTATGGGTCAGAAAGAC | 111 | XM003443127 | Mugimba et al., 2019 |
R: GTCATCCCAGTTGGTCACAATA | ||||
TiLV | F: CTGAGCTAAAGAGGCAATATGGATT | 112 | KU751816 | Tattiyapong et al., 2018 |
R: CGTGCGTACTCGTTCAGTATAAGTTCT | ||||
il-8 | F: TCGCCACCTGTGAAGGCA | 116 | NM001279704 | this study |
R: GCAGTGGGAGTTGGGAAGAAT | ||||
Irf-3 | F: CTGTGTTTTCGGAATCTGCTG | 182 | XM005448320 | this study |
R: CATTACTGGATACTGCTGTTGC | ||||
ifn-γ | F: GAAACTTCTGCAGGGATTGG | 132 | NM001287402 | Velázquez et al., 2017 |
R: CTCTGGATCTTGATTTCGGG | ||||
Mx | F: ACCCTTGAGCTGGTGAATCA | 174 | XM003442686 | Velázquez et al., 2017 |
R: ATCCTGAGTGAATGCGGTCA | ||||
RSAD-2 | F: ATCAACTTCTCTGGCGGA | 161 | XM003453237 | this study |
R: AGATAGACACCATATTTCTGGAAC |
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Waiyamitra, P.; Zoral, M.A.; Saengtienchai, A.; Luengnaruemitchai, A.; Decamp, O.; Gorgoglione, B.; Surachetpong, W. Probiotics Modulate Tilapia Resistance and Immune Response against Tilapia Lake Virus Infection. Pathogens 2020, 9, 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110919
Waiyamitra P, Zoral MA, Saengtienchai A, Luengnaruemitchai A, Decamp O, Gorgoglione B, Surachetpong W. Probiotics Modulate Tilapia Resistance and Immune Response against Tilapia Lake Virus Infection. Pathogens. 2020; 9(11):919. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110919
Chicago/Turabian StyleWaiyamitra, Pitchaporn, Mehmet Arif Zoral, Aksorn Saengtienchai, Amorn Luengnaruemitchai, Olivier Decamp, Bartolomeo Gorgoglione, and Win Surachetpong. 2020. "Probiotics Modulate Tilapia Resistance and Immune Response against Tilapia Lake Virus Infection" Pathogens 9, no. 11: 919. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9110919