Screening of Endophytic Bacteria of Leucojum aestivum ‘Gravety Giant’ as a Potential Source of Alkaloids and as Antagonist to Some Plant Fungal Pathogens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material and Culture Conditions
2.2. Bacterial Isolation and Cultivation
2.3. Molecular Identification
2.4. Crude Extract Preparation of Bacterial Pellet
2.5. High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Analysis and Alkaloid Detection with Dragendorff’s Reagent
2.6. Dual-Culture Assay to Test the Antagonistic Activity of Endophytic Bacteria against Two Cereal Pathogens
2.7. Diffusion Assay of Cell-Free Culture Broth and Methanolic Extracts of the Selected Strains against F. graminearum mycelia
2.8. LC-MS Equipment and Analysis
2.9. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Bacterial Collection Isolated from L. aestivum ‘Gravety Giant’
3.2. Analysis of the Composition of Cultivable Endophytic Bacteria from L. aestivum ‘Gravety Giant’
3.3. Alkaloid Screening Using High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) Analysis
3.4. Antifungal Activities of the Isolates
3.5. Antagonism Activities of Cell-Free Supernatant and Methanolic Extracts against F. graminearum
3.6. Untargeted LC-MS/MS Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Source Tissues | Strain | GenBank Accession | Blast Top Hit | E Value | Inhibition Rate vs. Fg (Mean +/− SE) | Inhibition Rate vs. Mn (Mean +/− SE) | Dragendorff |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shoot | LaBFS1102 | OL307020 | Paraburkholderia fungorum strain LMG 16225 | 0 | 41.91 ± 0.19 | 56.69 ± 0.12 | Yes |
LaBFS1106 | OL307021 | Patulibacter ginsengiterrae strain P4–5 | 0 | - | - | Yes | |
LaBFS1107 | OL307022 | Chitinophaga ginsengisegetis strain Gsoil 040 | 0 | 26.57 ± 0.67 | 14.54 ± 2.3 | Yes | |
LaBFS1112 | OL307023 | Variovorax ginsengisoli strain Gsoil 3165 | 0 | 0 ± 0.2 | 9.15 ± 0.76 | Yes | |
LaBFS1201 | OL307024 | Staphylococcus warneri strain AW 25 | 0 | 37.71 ± 0.57 | 29.73 ± 3.06 | Yes | |
LaBFS1208 | Mycolicibacterium setense strain CIP 109395 | 1 × 10−151 | 2.81 ± 0.74 | 8.87 ± 0.82 | Yes | ||
LaBFS1307 | OL307027 | Microbacterium luteolum strain IFO 15074 | 0 | 4.79 ± 0.95 | 4.17 ± 1.21 | Yes | |
LaBFS2103 | OL307031 | Comamonas denitrificans strain 123 | 0 | 43.51 ± 0.09 | 58.82 ± 1.19 | Yes | |
LaBFS2201 | Microbacterium arthrosphaerae strain CC-VM-Y | 7 × 10−55 | −0.8 ± 0.06 | 6.17 ± 0.16 | Yes | ||
LaBFS3105 | OL307062 | Variovorax paradoxus strain NBRC 15149 | 0 | 3.4 ± 0.23 | 7.54 ± 2.97 | Yes | |
LaBFS3313 | OL307078 | Arthrobacter oryzae strain KV-651 | 0 | 30.73 ± 0.96 | 18.46 ± 3.11 | Not performed | |
Bulb | LaBFB1102 | OL307013 | Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain JCM 9906 | 0 | −0.4 ± 0.12 | 0 ± 0 | Yes |
LaBFB1103 | OL307014 | Streptomyces canescens strain DSM 40001 | 0 | 49.59 ± 0.79 | 59.85 ± 0.82 | Not performed | |
LaBFB1301 | OL307015 | Patulibacter ginsengiterrae strain P4–5 | 0 | 2.99 ± 1.04 | 32.61 ± 0.36 | Yes | |
LaBFB1302 | OL307016 | Patulibacter ginsengiterrae strain P4–5 | 0 | 1.6 ± 0.35 | 32.62 ± 0.91 | Yes | |
LaBFB3301 | OL307019 | Luteibacter rhizovicinus strain LJ96 | 0 | 37.32 ± 0.2 | 48.06 ± 1.01 | Yes |
Enrichment in the Samples (Compared with Medium Control) | Compound Name | Formula | Molecular Weight | Error (ppm) | RT (Min) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LaBFB3301 unique | N2,1-Diphenyl-6-imino-1,6-dihydro-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine | C15H14N6 | 278.12676 | 7.16 | |
O-Arachidonoyl ethanolamine | C22H37NO2 | 347.28231 | 0.34 | 33.43 | |
L(-)-Carnitine | C7H15NO3 | 161.10521 | 0.10 | 1.64 | |
Adenine | C5H5N5 | 135.05452 | 0.18 | 1.84 | |
2′-O-Methyladenosine | C11H15N5O4 | 281.11252 | 0.41 | 3.11 | |
Betulin | C30H50O2 | 442.38107 | 0.02 | 35.83 | |
R-Palmitoyl-(2-methyl) ethanolamide | C19H39NO2 | 313.29806 | 27.45 | ||
LaBFS1102 unique | 16-Heptadecyne-1,2,4-triol | C17H32O3 | 284.23524 | 0.33 | 32.86 |
Ethyl oleate | C20H38O2 | 310.28724 | 0.19 | 38.96 | |
Palmitelaidic acid methyl ester | C17H32O2 | 268.2403 | 34.74 | ||
Guanine | C5H5N5O | 151.04933 | 0.53 | 2.66 | |
Ethyl palmitoleate | C18H34O2 | 282.25602 | 0.49 | 35.39 | |
cis-12-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester | C19H36O2 | 296.27171 | 0.61 | 36.45 | |
3-amino-2-phenyl-2H-pyrazolo [4,3-c]pyridine-4,6-diol | C12H10N4O2 | 242.0804 | 0.10 | 16.44 | |
1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-2-(benzoylamino)-2,5-dideoxy-5-{[4-(3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyrimidinyl]amino}-L-iditol | C23H21FN4O3 | 420.15888 | 30.35 | ||
Shared peaks between LaBFB3301 and LaBFS1203 | 6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[d,f][1,3]diazepin-6-one | C13H10N2O | 210.07936 | 20.64 | |
Shared peaks between LaBFB3301 and LaBFS2103 | L-Histidine | C6H9N3O2 | 155.06942 | 0.52 | 1.52 |
S-Adenosylhomocysteine | C14H20N6O5S | 384.12149 | 0.26 | 1.85 | |
Linoleoyl Ethanolamide | C20H37NO2 | 323.28237 | 1.14 | 32.46 | |
Propionylcarnitine | C10H19NO4 | 217.1315 | 0.42 | 1.97 | |
Stearoyl ethanolamide | C20H41NO2 | 327.31365 | 0.24 | 34.99 | |
N6-Acetyl-L-lysine | C8H16N2O3 | 188.11604 | 0.32 | 1.80 | |
3-(2-Hydroxyethyl)indole | C10H11NO | 161.08402 | 0.50 | 13.90 | |
9(Z),11(E),13(E)-Octadecatrienoic Acid methyl ester | C19H32O2 | 292.24043 | 0.68 | 35.25 | |
Cytidine 5′-diphosphocholine | C14H26N4O11P2 | 488.10714 | 0.33 | 1.83 | |
Hypoxanthine | C5H4N4O | 136.03845 | 0.45 | 2.10 | |
L-Glutathione oxidized | C20H32N6O12S2 | 612.15152 | 0.72 | 195 | |
Imidazolelactic acid | C6H8N2O3 | 156.05344 | 0.33 | 1.81 | |
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine | C17H27N3O17P2 | 607.08158 | 0.31 | 2.40 | |
11(Z),14(Z),17(Z)-Eicosatrienoic acid | C20H34O2 | 306.25594 | 0.19 | 35.05 | |
Υ-Glutamylcysteine | C8H14N2O5S | 250.06235 | 0.03 | 2.01 | |
Biotin | C10H16N2O3S | 244.0882 | 0.15 | 10.72 | |
Ergosterol peroxide | C28H44O3 | 428.32901 | 0.08 | 34.95 | |
Shared peaks among the three strains | Adenosine 5′-monophosphate | C10H14N5O7P | 347.06301 | 0.22 | 1.88 |
Palmitoyl ethanolamide | C18H37NO2 | 299.28252 | 0.30 | 33.11 | |
Oleoyl ethanolamide | C20H39NO2 | 325.29805 | 0.05 | 33.69 | |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) | C21H27N7O14P2 | 663.10893 | 0.29 | 1.86 | |
Azobenzene | C12H10N2 | 182.08434 | 0.32 | 10.46 |
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Munakata, Y.; Spina, R.; Slezack-Deschaumes, S.; Genestier, J.; Hehn, A.; Laurain-Mattar, D. Screening of Endophytic Bacteria of Leucojum aestivum ‘Gravety Giant’ as a Potential Source of Alkaloids and as Antagonist to Some Plant Fungal Pathogens. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102089
Munakata Y, Spina R, Slezack-Deschaumes S, Genestier J, Hehn A, Laurain-Mattar D. Screening of Endophytic Bacteria of Leucojum aestivum ‘Gravety Giant’ as a Potential Source of Alkaloids and as Antagonist to Some Plant Fungal Pathogens. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(10):2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102089
Chicago/Turabian StyleMunakata, Yuka, Rosella Spina, Sophie Slezack-Deschaumes, Julie Genestier, Alain Hehn, and Dominique Laurain-Mattar. 2022. "Screening of Endophytic Bacteria of Leucojum aestivum ‘Gravety Giant’ as a Potential Source of Alkaloids and as Antagonist to Some Plant Fungal Pathogens" Microorganisms 10, no. 10: 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102089