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Volume 11
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10.3390/microorganisms11030792
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Article

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Virulent Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum Serotypes Revealed Genetic Diversity and Genomic Signatures in the O-Antigen Biosynthesis Gene Cluster

by
Vimbai Irene Machimbirike
1,2,
Ignacio Vasquez
1,
Trung Cao
1,
Joy Chukwu-Osazuwa
1,
Oluwatoyin Onireti
1,
Cristopher Segovia
1,
Pongsak Khunrae
2,
Triwit Rattanarojpong
2,
Marije Booman
3,
Simon Jones
4,
Manuel Soto-Davila
5,
Brian Dixon
5 and
Javier Santander
1,*
1
Marine Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
2
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Bangkok 10140, Thailand
3
The Center for Aquaculture Technologies Canada (CATC), Souris, PE C0A 2B0, Canada
4
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada
5
Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2023, 11(3), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030792
Submission received: 9 February 2023 / Revised: 13 March 2023 / Accepted: 14 March 2023 / Published: 20 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microorganisms and Diseases Associated with Aquatic Animals)
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Abstract

Vibrio anguillarum is the most frequent pathogen affecting fish worldwide. The only known virulent strains of V. anguillarum are serotypes O1, O2, and O3. Genetic differences between the serotypes that could shed insight on the evolution and serotype differences of this marine pathogen are unknown. Here, we fully sequenced and characterized a strain of V. anguillarum O1 (J382) isolated from winter steelhead trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss irideus) in British Columbia, Canada. Koch’s postulates using the O1 strain were replicated in naïve lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) and compared to O2. Phenotypic and genotypic comparisons were conducted for serotypes O1, O2, and O3, using biochemical tests and bioinformatic tools, respectively. The genome of V. anguillarum O1 (J382) contains two chromosomes (3.13 Mb and 1.03 Mb) and two typical pJM1-like plasmids (65,573 and 76,959 bp). Furthermore, V. anguillarum O1 (J382) displayed resistance to colistin sulphate, which differs from serotype O2 and could be attributed to the presence of the ugd gene. Comparative genomic analysis, among the serotypes, showed that intra-species evolution is driven by insertion sequences, bacteriophages, and a different repertoire of putative ncRNAs. Genetic heterogeneity in the O-antigen biosynthesis gene cluster is characterized by the absence or the presence of unique genes, which could result in differences in the immune evasion mechanisms employed by the respective serotypes. This study contributes to understanding the genetic differences among V. anguillarum serovars and their evolution.
Keywords: whole genome sequencing; Vibrio anguillarum; winter steelhead trout; biochemical identification; vibriosis; lumpfish; pathogenicity whole genome sequencing; Vibrio anguillarum; winter steelhead trout; biochemical identification; vibriosis; lumpfish; pathogenicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Machimbirike, V.I.; Vasquez, I.; Cao, T.; Chukwu-Osazuwa, J.; Onireti, O.; Segovia, C.; Khunrae, P.; Rattanarojpong, T.; Booman, M.; Jones, S.; et al. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Virulent Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum Serotypes Revealed Genetic Diversity and Genomic Signatures in the O-Antigen Biosynthesis Gene Cluster. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 792. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030792

AMA Style

Machimbirike VI, Vasquez I, Cao T, Chukwu-Osazuwa J, Onireti O, Segovia C, Khunrae P, Rattanarojpong T, Booman M, Jones S, et al. Comparative Genomic Analysis of Virulent Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum Serotypes Revealed Genetic Diversity and Genomic Signatures in the O-Antigen Biosynthesis Gene Cluster. Microorganisms. 2023; 11(3):792. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030792

Chicago/Turabian Style

Machimbirike, Vimbai Irene, Ignacio Vasquez, Trung Cao, Joy Chukwu-Osazuwa, Oluwatoyin Onireti, Cristopher Segovia, Pongsak Khunrae, Triwit Rattanarojpong, Marije Booman, Simon Jones, and et al. 2023. "Comparative Genomic Analysis of Virulent Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum Serotypes Revealed Genetic Diversity and Genomic Signatures in the O-Antigen Biosynthesis Gene Cluster" Microorganisms 11, no. 3: 792. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030792

APA Style

Machimbirike, V. I., Vasquez, I., Cao, T., Chukwu-Osazuwa, J., Onireti, O., Segovia, C., Khunrae, P., Rattanarojpong, T., Booman, M., Jones, S., Soto-Davila, M., Dixon, B., & Santander, J. (2023). Comparative Genomic Analysis of Virulent Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum Serotypes Revealed Genetic Diversity and Genomic Signatures in the O-Antigen Biosynthesis Gene Cluster. Microorganisms, 11(3), 792. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11030792

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