Host Gut-Derived Probiotic, Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1-33, Improves Growth, Immunity, and Resistance to Vibrio harveyi in Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Statement
2.2. Evaluation of Probiotic Application Potential
2.3. Diet Preparation and Feeding Program
2.4. Growth Performance and Survival Rate
2.5. Sample Collection
2.6. Gene Expression Detection
2.7. Biochemical Assays
2.8. Histological Examinations
2.9. Challenge Test
2.10. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Application Potential of E. acetylicum G1-33
3.2. Growth Performance
3.3. Expression of Immune-Related Genes after the Feeding Program
3.4. Biochemical Analysis
3.5. Histology
3.6. Hybrid Group SR after V. harveyi Challenge
3.7. Expression of Immune-Related Genes after V. harveyi Challenge
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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FW (g) | WG (g) | WGR (%) | SGR (%) | CF (%) | VI (%) | SR (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C | 65.17 ± 1.51 b | 34.97 ± 1.52 b | 52.10 ± 1.15 b | 1.25 ± 0.04 b | 2.97 ± 0.06 a | 6.35 ± 0.13 ab | 94.44 ± 1.11 a |
L | 67.02 ± 1.72 b | 36.88 ± 1.74 b | 53.08 ± 1.32 b | 1.30 ± 0.05 b | 2.76 ± 0.05 b | 6.43 ± 0.12 a | 95.56 ± 1.11 a |
M | 71.16 ± 1.57 a | 41.16 ± 1.57 a | 56.57 ± 0.99 a | 1.41 ± 0.04 a | 2.87 ± 0.05 ab | 6.51 ± 0.17 a | 98.89 ± 1.11 a |
H | 57.36 ± 1.59 c | 28.70 ± 1.52 c | 48.03 ± 1.35 c | 1.12 ± 0.04 c | 2.75 ± 0.06 b | 6.11 ± 0.18 b | 94.44 ± 1.11 a |
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Zhang, M.; Feng, Y.; Zhong, Z.; Du, Q.; Yu, W.; Wu, J.; Huang, X.; Huang, Z.; Xie, G.; Shu, H. Host Gut-Derived Probiotic, Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1-33, Improves Growth, Immunity, and Resistance to Vibrio harveyi in Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1688. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081688
Zhang M, Feng Y, Zhong Z, Du Q, Yu W, Wu J, Huang X, Huang Z, Xie G, Shu H. Host Gut-Derived Probiotic, Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1-33, Improves Growth, Immunity, and Resistance to Vibrio harveyi in Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Microorganisms. 2024; 12(8):1688. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081688
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Mingqing, Yuwei Feng, Zhongxuan Zhong, Qianping Du, Wei Yu, Jinhui Wu, Xiaolin Huang, Zhong Huang, Guangting Xie, and Hu Shu. 2024. "Host Gut-Derived Probiotic, Exiguobacterium acetylicum G1-33, Improves Growth, Immunity, and Resistance to Vibrio harveyi in Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂)" Microorganisms 12, no. 8: 1688. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081688