Impact of Seasonal Variation in Pasture on Rumen Microbial Community and Volatile Fatty Acids in Grazing Yaks: Insights from High-Altitude Environments
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Animals and Sample Collection
2.2. Determination of VFA
2.3. DNA Extraction, Sequencing, and Data Analysis
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Rumen VFA
3.2. Figures, Tables, and Schemes
3.3. Seasonal Variation in Rumen Fungi Composition
4. Discussion
4.1. Effect of Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Yaks in Cold and Warm Seasons
4.2. Effects of Rumen Bacteria of Yaks in Cold and Warm Seasons
4.3. Effects of Rumen Fungi of Yaks in Cold and Warm Seasons
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Item | C | W | p-value |
---|---|---|---|
Total volatile fatty acids (mM) | 18.37 ± 1.97 | 22.90 ± 3.38 | <0.01 |
Acetic acid (%) | 25.30 ± 11.31 | 44.23 ± 9.51 | <0.01 |
Propionic acid (%) | 38.11 ± 6.59 | 31.44 ± 5.09 | 0.02 |
Isobutyric acid (%) | 2.80 ± 0.52 | 1.99 ± 0.40 | 0.001 |
Butyric acid (%) | 28.76 ± 3.43 | 20.02 ± 4.30 | <0.01 |
Isovaleric acid (%) | 1.99 ± 0.36 | 1.05 ± 0.32 | <0.01 |
Pentanoic acid (%) | 2.24 ± 0.49 | 1.16 ± 0.27 | <0.01 |
Caproic acid (%) | 0.80 ± 0.21 | 0.12 ± 0.05 | <0.01 |
Acetic acid/Propionic acid | 0.73 ± 0.46 | 1.48 ± 0.55 | 0.006 |
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He, S.; Zhao, S.; Wang, Z.; Dai, S.; Mao, H.; Wu, D. Impact of Seasonal Variation in Pasture on Rumen Microbial Community and Volatile Fatty Acids in Grazing Yaks: Insights from High-Altitude Environments. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081701
He S, Zhao S, Wang Z, Dai S, Mao H, Wu D. Impact of Seasonal Variation in Pasture on Rumen Microbial Community and Volatile Fatty Acids in Grazing Yaks: Insights from High-Altitude Environments. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(8):1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081701
Chicago/Turabian StyleHe, Shichun, Shusheng Zhao, Zibei Wang, Sifan Dai, Huaming Mao, and Dongwang Wu. 2024. "Impact of Seasonal Variation in Pasture on Rumen Microbial Community and Volatile Fatty Acids in Grazing Yaks: Insights from High-Altitude Environments" Microorganisms 12, no. 8: 1701. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081701