Central Nervous System Disorders with Auto-Antibodies in People Living with HIV
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patient n° | Age | Gender | Imaging Pattern | Onset Symptoms | CD4+ | HIV RNA Plasma (cp/mL) | HIV RNA CSF (cp/mL) | EBV DNA CSF (cp/mL) | CSF Ab Pattern | EEG | Altered Neuromarkers | HAART | Final Diagnosis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 52 | M | Demyelinating | Sensory and dysautonomic disorders | 285 | 6679 | 4466 | N/A | Synaptic | Normal | 14.3.3, Neopterin, BBBp, CSAR, and IgG index | Treated | Myelitis |
2 | 55 | M | Normal | Asymptomatic, control in previous neurolue, and VDRL serum positivity | 436 | Negative | Negative | N/A | Nuclear | Normal | None | Naïve | None |
3 | 28 | M | Inflammatory/demyelinating | Confusion | 251 | 16,197 | 1064 | N/A | Nuclear | Normal | 14.3.3, Tau, and Beta Amyloid | Naïve | Balo concentric sclerosis |
4 | 60 | F | Demyelinating | Sensory and extrapyramidal disorders | 111 | Negative | 160 | 54 | Nuclear and Synpatic | Normal | Intrathecal synthesis | Treated | PML-IRIS |
5 | 50 | F | Inflammatory/demyelinating | Extrapiramidal disorders and vertigo | 516 | Negative | 7566 | 82 | Aspecific | Normal | Intrathecal synthesis, CSAR, BBBp, Neopterin, and Beta Amyloid | Treated | CNS viral escape |
6 | 41 | M | Normal | Cefalea and sensory disorders | 147 | 395 | 71 | Negative | Nuclear | Normal | None | Naïve | HAART neurotoxicity |
7 | 41 | M | Demyelinating | Vertigo, sensory and extrapyramidal disorders, and ataxia | 19 | 36,676 | 16,030 | Negative | Synaptic | Normal | Neopterin, BBBp, and CSAR | Naïve | PML |
8 | 44 | F | Inflammatory | Dysautonomic and extrapuramidal disorders, confusion, and agitation | 320 | Negative | Negative | 315 | Aspecific | Altered | BBBp and intrathecal synthesis | Treated | None |
9 | 60 | F | Inflammatory | Movement disorders and ataxia | 429 | 88,982 | 330,273 | N/A | Aspecific | Altered | Intrathecal synthesis, BBBp, Neopterin, and Beta Amyloid | Treated | CSF viral escape |
10 | 44 | M | Demyelinating, inflammatory, and mass effect | Dysautonomic, sensory, and motor disorders | 37 | 758,988 | 23,762 | N/A | Synaptic | Normal | Tau, Neopterin, 14.3.3, and BBBp | Naïve | PCNSL |
11 | 50 | M | Atrophic | Extrapyramidal and movement disorders, ataxia, and confusion | 379 | Negative | Negative | Negative | Nuclear | Normal | None | Treated | None |
12 | 55 | M | Normal | Sensory disorders | 715 | 1450 | 330,000 | Negative | Nuclear, Recoverin, and Zic 4 on Blot | Normal | BBBp and Intrathecal synthesis | Naïve | None |
Altered Neuromarkers and Correspondances with Antibody Patterns | Nuclear | Synaptic | Aspecific | Zic4 | Recoverine |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neopterin | |||||
1–42 Beta Amyloid | |||||
BBB damage | |||||
Intrathecal synthesis | |||||
CSAR | |||||
Tau | |||||
FTau | |||||
14.3.3. |
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Stroffolini, G.; Atzori, C.; Imperiale, D.; Trunfio, M.; Di Perri, G.; Calcagno, A. Central Nervous System Disorders with Auto-Antibodies in People Living with HIV. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1758. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091758
Stroffolini G, Atzori C, Imperiale D, Trunfio M, Di Perri G, Calcagno A. Central Nervous System Disorders with Auto-Antibodies in People Living with HIV. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(9):1758. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091758
Chicago/Turabian StyleStroffolini, Giacomo, Cristiana Atzori, Daniele Imperiale, Mattia Trunfio, Giovanni Di Perri, and Andrea Calcagno. 2024. "Central Nervous System Disorders with Auto-Antibodies in People Living with HIV" Microorganisms 12, no. 9: 1758. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091758