Microorganisms

12 pages, 275 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Emergence of NDM-1-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Nosocomial Isolates in Attica Region of Greece

by Olga Pappa, Christina Louka, Kleon Karadimas, Evangelia Maikousi, Angeliki Tzoukmani, Michalis Polemis, Anna-Danai Panopoulou, Ioannis Daniil, Stella Chryssou, Kassiani Mellou, Jette S. Kjeldgaard, Olympia Zarkotou, Costas Papagiannitsis and Kyriaki Tryfinopoulou

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1753; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091753 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

Abstract

Here, we report on the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing P. aeruginosa isolates from patients hospitalized in the Attica region, Greece, in 2022 to provide data on their resistome, their virulome, the genetic environment of bla_NDM-1, and their molecular epidemiology. [...] Read more.

Here, we report on the emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing P. aeruginosa isolates from patients hospitalized in the Attica region, Greece, in 2022 to provide data on their resistome, their virulome, the genetic environment of bla_NDM-1, and their molecular epidemiology. A total of 17 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates identified as NDM-producers by immunochromatography at the hospital level were sent to the Central Public Health Laboratory, in the frame of the laboratory surveillance of carbapenem-resistant pathogens, for further characterization. The initial screening for genetic AMR determinants was carried out by PCR and the MDR Direct Flow Chip assay. Typing was performed by MLST and DLST, the latter in a subset of isolates. Further analysis was performed by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of six isolates from both hospitals to analyze their entire genomes and elucidate their genetic relatedness. All isolates were allocated to international high-risk clones, sixteen to ST773 and one to ST308. Five ST773 and the sole ST308 isolate were found to harbor the bla_NDM-1 gene, along with various other ARGs integrated into their chromosomes, as well as with a wide variety of virulence genes. The bla_NDM-1 gene was located in the integrative and conjugative elements ICE6600-like and ICE_Tn43716385 in ST773 and ST308 isolates, respectively. Single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis of the five ST773 isolates indicated their clonal spread in both hospitals. These results suggested that two different molecular events contributed to the emergence of NDM-1-producing P. aeruginosa isolates in Athenian hospitals, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Perspectives in Controlling the Spread of Multi-Drug Resistance Organisms (MDROs))

19 pages, 5860 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Response of Rhizosphere Microbial C and N-Cycling Gene Abundance of Sand-Fixing Shrub to Stand Age Following Desert Restoration

by Yunfei Li, Bingyao Wang, Zhanjun Wang, Wenqiang He, Yanli Wang, Lichao Liu and Haotian Yang

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1752; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091752 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

Abstract

Rhizosphere microorganisms play a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles, particularly in relation to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. However, the impact of stand age on the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities and the abundance involved in C and N cycling remains largely [...] Read more.

Rhizosphere microorganisms play a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles, particularly in relation to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles. However, the impact of stand age on the composition of rhizosphere microbial communities and the abundance involved in C and N cycling remains largely unexplored in restoration ecosystems dominated by shrubs of temperate deserts. This study focuses on revealing changes in microbial composition and functional genes in the rhizosphere soil of Caragana korshinskii after revegetation, as well as their response mechanisms to changes in environmental factors. The alpha diversity of bacteria tended to increase with stand age, whereas that of fungi decreased. The abundance of denitrification; dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, nitrification, and ammonium assimilation; and C fixation-related gene levels increased with stand age, whereas those related to the degradation of starch, pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose, and aromatics decreased. The parameters MBC, MBN, and TC were the key factors affecting the bacterial community, whereas the fungal community was regulated by TN, EC, pH, and MBC. Stand age indirectly regulated C and N cycling functions of genes through altered soil properties and microbial community structures. This study presents a novel approach to accurately evaluate the C and N cycling dynamics within ecosystems at various stages of restoration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Plant Microbe Interactions)

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15 pages, 7363 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Variation in Bacterial and Fungal Communities in Soils from Three Major Apple Pear (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd.) Orchards

by Guangze Lyu, Jiayang Hu and Jincai Ma

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1751; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091751 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

Abstract

Microbial communities are closely related to the overall health and quality of soil, but studies on microbial ecology in apple pear orchard soils are limited. In the current study, 28 soil samples were collected from three apple pear orchards, and the composition and [...] Read more.

Microbial communities are closely related to the overall health and quality of soil, but studies on microbial ecology in apple pear orchard soils are limited. In the current study, 28 soil samples were collected from three apple pear orchards, and the composition and structure of fungal and bacterial communities were investigated by high-throughput sequencing. The molecular ecological network showed that the keystone taxa of bacterial communities were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae, and Chloroflexi, and the keystone taxon of fungal communities was Ascomycota. Mantel tests showed that soil texture and pH were important factors shaping soil bacterial and fungal communities, and soil water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) were also closely related to soil bacterial communities. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and variation partition analysis (VPA) revealed that geographic distance, soil texture, pH, and other soil properties could explain 10.55%, 13.5%, and 19.03% of the overall variation in bacterial communities, and 11.61%, 13.03%, and 20.26% of the overall variation in fungal communities, respectively. The keystone taxa of bacterial and fungal communities in apple pear orchard soils and their strong correlation with soil properties could provide useful clues toward sustainable management of orchards. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Environmental Microbiology)

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33 pages, 1500 KiB

Open AccessReview

Impact of Novel Foods on the Human Gut Microbiome: Current Status

by Ailín Martínez, Lidiana Velázquez, Rommy Díaz, Rodrigo Huaiquipán, Isabela Pérez, Alex Muñoz, Marcos Valdés, Néstor Sepúlveda, Erwin Paz and John Quiñones

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1750; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091750 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

Abstract

The microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that inhabit a specific environment. It plays a significant role in human health, from food digestion to immune system strengthening. The “Novel Foods” refer to foods or ingredients that have not been consumed by humans [...] Read more.

The microbiome is a complex ecosystem of microorganisms that inhabit a specific environment. It plays a significant role in human health, from food digestion to immune system strengthening. The “Novel Foods” refer to foods or ingredients that have not been consumed by humans in the European Union before 1997. Currently, there is growing interest in understanding how “Novel Foods” affect the microbiome and human health. The aim of this review was to assess the effects of “Novel Foods” on the human gut microbiome. Research was conducted using scientific databases, focusing on the literature published since 2000, with an emphasis on the past decade. In general, the benefits derived from this type of diet are due to the interaction between polyphenols, oligosaccharides, prebiotics, probiotics, fibre content, and the gut microbiome, which selectively promotes specific microbial species and increases microbial diversity. More research is being conducted on the consumption of novel foods to demonstrate how they affect the microbiome and, thus, human health. Consumption of novel foods with health-promoting properties should be further explored to maintain the diversity and functionality of the gut microbiome as a potential tool to prevent the onset and progression of chronic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Human Microbiomes)

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14 pages, 3165 KiB

Open AccessArticle

New Iflavirus Species Characterized from Mosquitoes Captured in the Sao Paulo Zoological Facilities

by Lilian de Oliveira Guimarães, Santana Lobato Bahia, Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro, Endrya do Socorro Foro Ramos, Fabiola Villanova, Vanessa dos Santos Morais, Juliana Telles-de-Deus, Vanessa Christe Helfstein, Jesus Maia dos Santos, Ramendra Pati Pandey, Xutao Deng, Eric Delwart, Vera Lucia Fonseca de Camargo-Neves, Antonio Charlys da Costa, Karin Kirchgatter and Élcio Leal

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1749; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091749 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

Abstract

Metagenomic studies of mosquito viromes demonstrated a more diverse composition than just an exclusive composition of pathogenic arboviruses transmitted to humans. In our study, the virome of 866 female mosquitoes collected throughout 2020 at the São Paulo Zoo, located in the city of [...] Read more.

Metagenomic studies of mosquito viromes demonstrated a more diverse composition than just an exclusive composition of pathogenic arboviruses transmitted to humans. In our study, the virome of 866 female mosquitoes collected throughout 2020 at the São Paulo Zoo, located in the city of São Paulo/SP—Brazil, was obtained. Specifically, in this paper, we describe a new virus found by viral RNA extraction and next-generation MiSeq sequencing of a group of 23 specimens of Anopheles (Nys.) strodei. The complete genome with a length of 9709 nucleotides was characterized by a positive orientation and a single strand, with a single large ORF, which encodes a polyprotein of 2987 amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis showed an association with the viral family Iflaviridae and the Riboviria realm. We carried out comparisons with translated sequences of the capsid regions of other iflavirus, and the identities in relation to our sequence were below the minimum limit of 90%, indicating that possibly it is a new species of iflavirus. Our findings contribute to expanding knowledge of virome composition among mosquito species in Brazil and globally. Moreover, we provide a viral genome reference specific to this geographic region and Culicidae family of mosquitoes. This resource facilitates future in silico recognition and assembly of viral genomes within metagenomic datasets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revealing Microbial Networks: Bioinformatics Insights into Microbiomes)

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19 pages, 4180 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Genomic Functional Analysis of Novel Radiation-Resistant Species of Knollia sp. nov. S7-12^T from the North Slope of Mount Everest

by Xinyue Wang, Yang Liu, Zhiyuan Chen, Kexin Wang, Guangxiu Liu, Tuo Chen and Binglin Zhang

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1748; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091748 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

Abstract

Radiation protection is an important field of study, as it relates to human health and environmental safety. Radiation-resistance mechanisms in extremophiles are a research hotspot, as this knowledge has great application value in bioremediation and development of anti-radiation drugs. Mount Everest, an extreme [...] Read more.

Radiation protection is an important field of study, as it relates to human health and environmental safety. Radiation-resistance mechanisms in extremophiles are a research hotspot, as this knowledge has great application value in bioremediation and development of anti-radiation drugs. Mount Everest, an extreme environment of high radiation exposure, harbors many bacterial strains resistant to radiation. However, owing to the difficulties in studying them because of the extreme terrain, many remain unexplored. In this study, a novel species (herein, S7-12^T) was isolated from the moraine of Mount Everest, and its morphology and functional and genomic characteristics were analyzed. The strain S7-12^T is white in color, smooth and rounded, non-spore-forming, and non-motile and can survive at a UV intensity of 1000 J/m², showing that it is twice as resistant to radiation as Deinococcus radiodurans. Radiation-resistance genes, including IbpA and those from the rec and CspA gene families, were identified. The polyphasic taxonomic approach revealed that the strain S7-12^T (=KCTC 59114T =GDMCC 1.3458T) is a new species of the genus Knoellia and is thus proposed to be named glaciei. The in-depth study of the genome of strain S7-12^T will enable us to gain further insights into its potential use in radiation resistance. Understanding how microorganisms resist radiation damage could reveal potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets, leading to the discovery of potent anti-radiation compounds, thereby improving human resistance to the threat of radiation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Microbiomes)

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21 pages, 6272 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Copper on Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis G20 Biofilm Formation

by Payal Thakur, Vinoj Gopalakrishnan, Priya Saxena, Mahadevan Subramaniam, Kian Mau Goh, Brent Peyton, Matthew Fields and Rajesh Kumar Sani

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1747; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091747 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

Abstract

Copper is known to have toxic effects on bacterial growth. This study aimed to determine the influence of copper ions on Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis G20 biofilm formation in a lactate-C medium supplemented with variable copper ion concentrations. OA G20, when grown in media supplemented [...] Read more.

Copper is known to have toxic effects on bacterial growth. This study aimed to determine the influence of copper ions on Oleidesulfovibrio alaskensis G20 biofilm formation in a lactate-C medium supplemented with variable copper ion concentrations. OA G20, when grown in media supplemented with high copper ion concentrations of 5, 15, and 30 µM, exhibited inhibited growth in its planktonic state. Conversely, under similar copper concentrations, OA G20 demonstrated enhanced biofilm formation on glass coupons. Microscopic studies revealed that biofilms exposed to copper stress demonstrated a change in cellular morphology and more accumulation of carbohydrates and proteins than controls. Consistent with these findings, sulfur (dsrA, dsrB, sat, aprA) and electron transport (NiFeSe, NiFe, ldh, cyt3) genes, polysaccharide synthesis (poI), and genes involved in stress response (sodB) were significantly upregulated in copper-induced biofilms, while genes (ftsZ, ftsA, ftsQ) related to cellular division were negatively regulated compared to controls. These results indicate that the presence of copper ions triggers alterations in cellular morphology and gene expression levels in OA G20, impacting cell attachment and EPS production. This adaptation, characterized by increased biofilm formation, represents a crucial strategy employed by OA G20 to resist metal ion stress. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microbial Biofilm Formation)

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16 pages, 2621 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Ascending HPV Infection on Colorectal Cancer Risk: Evidence from a Nationwide Study

by Pin-Ho Pan, Ci-Wen Luo, Wen-Chien Ting, Bei-Hao Shiu, Jing-Yang Huang, Stella Chin-Shaw Tsai and Frank Cheau-Feng Lin

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1746; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091746 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and escalating health issue in Taiwan. This nationwide study delves into the relationship between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and CRC risk, employing population datasets from 2007 to 2017. Cox regression analyses revealed a statistically significant hazard ratio [...] Read more.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a prevalent and escalating health issue in Taiwan. This nationwide study delves into the relationship between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection and CRC risk, employing population datasets from 2007 to 2017. Cox regression analyses revealed a statistically significant hazard ratio (HR) of 1.73 (95% CI: 1.63–1.83) for CRC in HPV-positive patients, indicating a considerably elevated risk compared to non-infected individuals. Further, stratification by sex showed males with HPV have a higher CRC risk (HR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.40–1.58) compared to females. Age-related analysis uncovered a progressive increase in CRC risk with advancing age (HR = 34.69 for over 80 years). The study of specific CRC subtypes showed varying risks: HR = 1.74 for the colon, HR = 1.64 for the rectum, and a notably higher HR = 4.72 for the anus. Comorbid conditions such as hypertension (HR = 1.26), diabetes mellitus (HR = 1.32), and abnormal liver function (HR = 1.18) also correlate with significantly increased CRC risks. These findings suggest that HPV is a significant risk factor for CRC, with disparities in risk based on anatomical location, demographic characteristics, and comorbidities, highlighting the need for intervention strategies and targeted prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Papillomavirus Infections in Public Health and Pathology)

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15 pages, 2770 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Retrospective Analysis of Omicron in Minas Gerais, Brazil: Emergence, Dissemination, and Diversification

by Paula Luize Camargos Fonseca, Isabela Braga-Paz, Luiza Campos Guerra de Araújo e Santos, Rillery Calixto Dias, Carolina Senra Alves de Souza, Nara Oliveira Carvalho, Daniel Costa Queiroz, Hugo José Alves, João Locke Ferreira de Araújo, Filipe Romero Rebello Moreira, Mariane Talon Menezes, Diego Menezes, Aryel Beatriz Paz e Silva, Jorge Gomes Goulart Ferreira, Talita Emile Ribeiro Adelino, André Felipe Leal Bernardes, Natália Virtude Carobin, Renée Silva Carvalho, Carolina Zaniboni Ferrari, Natália Rocha Guimarães, Ludmila Oliveira Lamounier, Fernanda Gil Souza, Luisa Aimeé Vargas, Marisa de Oliveira Ribeiro, Monica Barcellos Arruda, Patricia Alvarez, Rennan Garcias Moreira, Eneida Santos de Oliveira, Adriano de Paula Sabino, Jaqueline Silva de Oliveira, José Nélio Januário, Felipe Campos de Melo Iani, Renan Pedra de Souza and Renato Santana Aguiar Show full author list Hide full author list

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1745; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091745 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Brazil is one of the countries most affected by COVID-19, with the highest number of deaths recorded. Brazilian Health Institutions have reported four main peaks of positive COVID-19 cases. The last two waves were characterized by the emergence of the VOC Omicron and [...] Read more.

Brazil is one of the countries most affected by COVID-19, with the highest number of deaths recorded. Brazilian Health Institutions have reported four main peaks of positive COVID-19 cases. The last two waves were characterized by the emergence of the VOC Omicron and its sublineages. This study aimed to conduct a retrospective surveillance study illustrating the emergence, dissemination, and diversification of the VOC Omicron in 15 regional health units (RHUs) in MG, the second most populous state in Brazil, by combining epidemiological and genomic data. A total of 5643 confirmed positive COVID-19 samples were genotyped using the panels TaqMan SARS-CoV-2 Mutation and 4Plex SC2/VOC Bio-Manguinhos to define mutations classifying the BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 sublineages. While sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 were more prevalent during the third wave, BA.4 and BA.5 dominated the fourth wave in the state. Epidemiological and viral genome data suggest that age and vaccination with booster doses were the main factors related to clinical outcomes, reducing the number of deaths, irrespective of the Omicron sublineages. Complete genome sequencing of 253 positive samples confirmed the circulation of the BA.1, BA.2, BA.4, and BA.5 subvariants, and phylogenomic analysis demonstrated that the VOC Omicron was introduced through multiple international events, followed by transmission within the state of MG. In addition to the four subvariants, other lineages have been identified at low frequency, including BQ.1.1 and XAG. This integrative study reinforces that the evolution of Omicron sublineages was the most significant factor driving the highest peaks of positive COVID-19 cases without an increase in more severe cases, prevented by vaccination boosters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Infectious Diseases)

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12 pages, 851 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of the Intestinal Microbiota of Dairy Calves and Changes Associated with Cryptosporidium spp. Infection in Brazil

by José Antônio Bessegatto, Júlio Augusto Naylor Lisbôa, Felippe Danyel Cardoso Martins, Roberta Lemos Freire, Elias Jorge Facury Filho, Amauri Alcindo Alfieri and Marcio C. Costa

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091744 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Cryptosporidium spp. is one of the most important pathogens infecting nursing calves worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal microbiota of dairy calves during the first month of life and the impact of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium on a Brazilian farm. Fecal [...] Read more.

Cryptosporidium spp. is one of the most important pathogens infecting nursing calves worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the intestinal microbiota of dairy calves during the first month of life and the impact of diarrhea caused by Cryptosporidium on a Brazilian farm. Fecal samples from 30 calves were collected during the first month of life, and fecal scores were recorded. Samples from the second, third, and fourth days of life were analyzed by DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. In addition, samples of sixteen calves positive for Cryptosporidium spp. were retrospectively chosen according to the development of diarrhea: four and two days before diarrhea, at the onset of diarrhea, after four days of diarrhea, at the end of diarrhea, and after six days of diarrhea resolution. Diarrhea was observed in all calves (100%), starting at day 5 of life, and all calves tested positive for Cryptosporidium in at least one sample. The microbiota richness increased with age but was retarded by diarrhea. Compositional changes associated with Cryptosporidium infection included increases in Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Peptostreptococcus, as well as decreases in Collinsella and Lachnospiraceae. In conclusion, Cryptosporidium infection has the potential to decrease richness and change the composition of the intestinal microbiota of dairy calves. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gut Microbiome of Farm Animals in Health and Disease 2.0)

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14 pages, 3575 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microbiome and Microbial Pure Culture Study Reveal Commensal Microorganisms Alleviate Salmonella enterica Serovar Pullorum Infection in Chickens

by Jianshen Zhu, Jinmei Ding, Kaixuan Yang, Hao Zhou, Wenhao Yang, Chao Qin, Liyuan Wang, Fuquan Xiao, Beibei Zhang, Qing Niu, Zhenxiang Zhou, Shengqing Yu, Qizhong Huang, Shaohui Wang and He Meng

Microorganisms 2024, 12(9), 1743; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091743 (registering DOI) - 23 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Pullorum disease, an intestinal disease in chickens caused by Salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (S. Pullorum), is a significant threat to the poultry industry and results in substantial economic losses. The bacteria’s transmission, both vertical and horizontal, makes it difficult to completely eliminate [...] Read more.

Pullorum disease, an intestinal disease in chickens caused by Salmonella enterica serovar pullorum (S. Pullorum), is a significant threat to the poultry industry and results in substantial economic losses. The bacteria’s transmission, both vertical and horizontal, makes it difficult to completely eliminate it. Control strategies for pullorum disease primarily involve stringent eradication programs that cull infected birds and employ antibiotics for treatment. However, eradication programs are costly, and antibiotic use is restricted. Therefore, developing alternative control strategies is essential. Increasingly, studies are focusing on modulating the gut microbiota to control intestinal diseases. Modulating the chicken gut microbiota may offer a novel strategy for preventing and controlling pullorum disease in poultry. However, the impact of S. Pullorum on the chicken gut microbiota has not been well established, prompting our exploration of the relationship between S. Pullorum and the chicken gut microbiota in this study. In this study, we initially analyzed the dynamic distribution of the gut microbiota in chickens infected with S. Pullorum. Alpha diversity analysis revealed a decrease in observed OTUs and the Shannon diversity index in the infected group, suggesting a reduction in the richness of the chicken gut microbiota due to S. Pullorum infection. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) showed distinct clusters between the gut microbiota of infected and uninfected groups, indicating S. Pullorum infection changed the chicken gut microbiota structure. Specifically, S. Pullorum infection enriched the relative abundance of the genera Escherichia-Shigella (65% in infected vs. 40.6% in uninfected groups) and Enterococcus (10.8% vs. 3.7%) while reducing the abundance of Lactobacillus (9.9% vs. 32%) in the chicken microbiota. Additionally, based on the observed changes in the chicken gut microbiota, we isolated microorganisms, including Bifidobacterium pseudolongum, Streptococcus equi and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei (L. paracasei), which were decreased by S. Pullorum infection. Notably, the L. paracasei Lp02 strain was found to effectively inhibit S. Pullorum proliferation in vitro and alleviate its infection in vivo. We found that S. Pullorum infection reduced the richness of the chicken gut microbiota and enriched the relative abundance of the genera Escherichia-Shigella and Enterococcus while decreasing the abundance of the anaerobic genus Lactobacillus. Furthermore, microbiota analysis enabled the isolation of several antimicrobial microorganisms from healthy chicken feces, with a L. paracasei strain notably inhibiting S. Pullorum proliferation in vitro and alleviating its infection in vivo. Overall, this research enhances our understanding of the interaction between gut microbiota and pathogen infection, as well as offers new perspectives and strategies for modulating the chicken gut microbiota to control pullorum disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Gut Microbiota)

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Microorganisms, Volume 12, Issue 9 (September 2024) – 11 articles

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