Effect of the Bioprotective Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on Quality and Safety of Feta Cheese Stored under Different Conditions
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Design
2.2. Microbial Cultures Preparation
2.3. Na-Alginate Edible Film Preparation
2.4. Inoculation of Feta Cheese Samples and Packaging of the Cheeses
2.5. Microbiological Analysis
2.6. pH and aw Measurements
2.7. Sensory Analysis
2.8. FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy
2.9. Image Acquisition and Segmentation
2.10. Data Analysis
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Microbiological Analyses, pH, and Water Activity (aw)
3.2. Sensory Evaluation
3.3. FTIR and MSI Spectral Data
3.4. Rapid Sensory Class Evaluation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Benchtop-MSI | Portable-MSI | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From/To | Fresh | Semi-Fresh | Spoiled | Precision (%) | Sensitivity (%) | Fresh | Semi-Fresh | Spoiled | Precision (%) | Sensitivity (%) |
Fresh | 46 | 14 | 0 | 75.41 | 76.67 | 28 | 6 | 0 | 82.35 | 82.35 |
Semi-fresh | 15 | 30 | 0 | 54.55 | 66.67 | 5 | 10 | 0 | 29.41 | 66.67 |
Spoiled | 0 | 11 | 31 | 100 | 73.81 | 1 | 18 | 8 | 100 | 29.63 |
Accuracy (%) | 72.79 | 60.53 | ||||||||
FTIR | ||||||||||
Fresh | 43 | 22 | 0 | 93.49 | 66.15 | |||||
Semi-fresh | 2 | 12 | 0 | 28.57 | 85.71 | |||||
Spoiled | 1 | 8 | 7 | 100 | 43.75 | |||||
Accuracy (%) | 65.26 |
Benchtop-MSI | Portable-MSI | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From/To | Fresh | Semi-Fresh | Spoiled | Precision (%) | Sensitivity (%) | Fresh | Semi-Fresh | Spoiled | Precision (%) | Sensitivity (%) |
Fresh | 105 | 4 | 0 | 89.74 | 96.33 | 88 | 7 | 0 | 87.13 | 92.63 |
Semi-fresh | 12 | 21 | 0 | 84.00 | 63.64 | 13 | 21 | 0 | 63.64 | 61.76 |
Spoiled | 0 | 0 | 5 | 100 | 100 | 0 | 5 | 13 | 100 | 72.22 |
Accuracy (%) | 89.12 | 82.99 | ||||||||
FTIR | ||||||||||
Fresh | 59 | 19 | 0 | 93.65 | 75.64 | |||||
Semi-fresh | 4 | 20 | 0 | 48.78 | 83.33 | |||||
Spoiled | 0 | 3 | 0 | 100 | 33.33 | |||||
Accuracy (%) | 76.19 |
Benchtop-MSI | Portable-MSI | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From/To | Fresh | Semi-Fresh | Spoiled | Precision (%) | Sensitivity (%) | Fresh | Semi-Fresh | Spoiled | Precision (%) | Sensitivity (%) |
Fresh | 105 | 9 | 0 | 98.13 | 92.11 | 75 | 11 | 0 | 78.13 | 82.21 |
Semi-fresh | 2 | 4 | 0 | 11.76 | 66.67 | 21 | 12 | 0 | 37.50 | 36.36 |
Spoiled | 0 | 21 | 7 | 100 | 25.00 | 0 | 9 | 18 | 100 | 66.67 |
Accuracy (%) | 78.38 | 71.92 | ||||||||
FTIR | ||||||||||
Fresh | 51 | 10 | 0 | 94.44 | 83.61 | |||||
Semi-fresh | 3 | 34 | 0 | 72.34 | 91.89 | |||||
Spoiled | 0 | 3 | 1 | 100 | 25.0 | |||||
Accuracy (%) | 84.31 |
Benchtop-MSI | Portable-MSI | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
From/To | Fresh | Semi-Fresh | Spoiled | Precision (%) | Sensitivity (%) | Fresh | Semi-Fresh | Spoiled | Precision (%) | Sensitivity (%) |
Fresh | 55 | 9 | 0 | 77.46 | 85.94 | 43 | 10 | 0 | 64.18 | 81.13 |
Semi-fresh | 16 | 51 | 0 | 72.86 | 76.12 | 24 | 53 | 0 | 77.94 | 68.83 |
Spoiled | 0 | 10 | 5 | 100 | 33.33 | 0 | 5 | 11 | 100 | 68.75 |
Accuracy (%) | 76.03 | 73.29 | ||||||||
FTIR | ||||||||||
Fresh | 46 | 25 | 0 | 79.31 | 64.79 | |||||
Semi-fresh | 12 | 45 | 0 | 59.21 | 78.95 | |||||
Spoiled | 0 | 6 | 7 | 100 | 53.85 | |||||
Accuracy (%) | 69.50 |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Doukaki, A.; Papadopoulou, O.S.; Baraki, A.; Siapka, M.; Ntalakas, I.; Tzoumkas, I.; Papadimitriou, K.; Tassou, C.; Skandamis, P.; Nychas, G.-J.; et al. Effect of the Bioprotective Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on Quality and Safety of Feta Cheese Stored under Different Conditions. Microorganisms 2024, 12, 1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091870
Doukaki A, Papadopoulou OS, Baraki A, Siapka M, Ntalakas I, Tzoumkas I, Papadimitriou K, Tassou C, Skandamis P, Nychas G-J, et al. Effect of the Bioprotective Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on Quality and Safety of Feta Cheese Stored under Different Conditions. Microorganisms. 2024; 12(9):1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091870
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoukaki, Angeliki, Olga S. Papadopoulou, Antonia Baraki, Marina Siapka, Ioannis Ntalakas, Ioannis Tzoumkas, Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Chrysoula Tassou, Panagiotis Skandamis, George-John Nychas, and et al. 2024. "Effect of the Bioprotective Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains on Quality and Safety of Feta Cheese Stored under Different Conditions" Microorganisms 12, no. 9: 1870. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12091870