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Microorganisms
Volume 13
Issue 5
10.3390/microorganisms13050982
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Article

Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from Schisandra chinensis and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

by
Mengyu Li
,
Yuewei Shi
,
Wenwei Ma
,
Shouyuan Cai
,
Xinyuan Yang
,
Lukai Xu
,
Xiyan Hou
,
Lulu Wang
,
Liming Jin
* and
Chunshan Quan
*
Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2025, 13(5), 982; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13050982
Submission received: 14 March 2025 / Revised: 13 April 2025 / Accepted: 21 April 2025 / Published: 25 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Antimicrobial Agents and Resistance)
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Abstract

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a highly pathogenic bacterium for which safe and effective prevention as well as treatment methods are currently lacking. In this study, Rhizoctonia bicornis S10 was isolated from Schisandra chinensis and used to inhibit MRSA. Through single-factor experiments and response surface methodology, the optimal culture medium and fermentation conditions for Rhizoctonia bicornis S10 were determined. The results demonstrated that optimal growth conditions for Rhizoctonia bicornis S10 were achieved using corn meal as the culture medium. Furthermore, the extract of Rhizoctonia bicornis S10 showed maximal inhibitory activity against MRSA under the following optimized conditions: moisture content of 150%, time of 2.5 d, temperature of 30 °C, and pH 5.0. Antagonistic experiments demonstrated that the crude extract of Rhizoctonia bicornis S10 exhibits significant inhibitory activity against MRSA. During the growth of MRSA, the crude extract effectively suppressed its proliferation. Measurements of alkaline proteinase and membrane potential confirmed the disruption of the MRSA cell membrane, which was further visually validated by scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the crude extract was shown to inhibit the formation of MRSA biofilms. These findings suggest that Rhizoctonia bicornis S10 should hold promise as a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of MRSA infections, providing new strategies and insights for combating this pathogen.
Keywords: MRSA; Rhizoctonia bicornis; Schisandra chinensis; antibacterial mechanism MRSA; Rhizoctonia bicornis; Schisandra chinensis; antibacterial mechanism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, M.; Shi, Y.; Ma, W.; Cai, S.; Yang, X.; Xu, L.; Hou, X.; Wang, L.; Jin, L.; Quan, C. Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from Schisandra chinensis and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms 2025, 13, 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13050982

AMA Style

Li M, Shi Y, Ma W, Cai S, Yang X, Xu L, Hou X, Wang L, Jin L, Quan C. Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from Schisandra chinensis and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms. 2025; 13(5):982. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13050982

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Mengyu, Yuewei Shi, Wenwei Ma, Shouyuan Cai, Xinyuan Yang, Lukai Xu, Xiyan Hou, Lulu Wang, Liming Jin, and Chunshan Quan. 2025. "Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from Schisandra chinensis and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus" Microorganisms 13, no. 5: 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13050982

APA Style

Li, M., Shi, Y., Ma, W., Cai, S., Yang, X., Xu, L., Hou, X., Wang, L., Jin, L., & Quan, C. (2025). Optimization of Fermentation Conditions for Endophytic Fungi from Schisandra chinensis and Investigation of Their Antibacterial Mechanisms Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microorganisms, 13(5), 982. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13050982

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