Yeast Diversity Associated with the Phylloplane of Corn Plants Cultivated in Thailand
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Samples and Yeast Isolation
2.2. Yeast Identification
2.3. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.4. Biodiversity Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Sample Collection and Yeast Isolation
3.2. Yeast Identification
3.3. Yeast Diversity
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sampling | No. of Sample | No. of Strain | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Site | Province District | Location | Date (dd mm yy) | Atmospheric Temperature a (°C) | Rainfall b (mm) | ||
Suphan Buri | |||||||
S1 | Doembangnangbuat | 14°50′27.1″ N 100°07′51.5″ E | 2016-07-18 | 29.2–29.8 | 100.2–157.0 | 2 | 19 |
S2 | Sam Chuk | 14°47′18.4″ N 100°09′14.1″ E | 2016-07-30 | 3 | 22 | ||
S3 | Nong Ya Sai | 14°49′22.6″ N 99°55′46.0″ E | 2016-08-06 | 2 | 9 | ||
S4 | Si Prachan | 14°38′36.8″ N 100°08′53.1″ E | 2016-08-06 | 2 | 13 | ||
Total | 9 | 63 | |||||
Chai Nat | |||||||
S5 | Hankha | 14°59′55.3″ N 100°05′45.6″ E | 2016-08-06 | 28.1–28.6 | 208.8–358.6 | 4 | 22 |
S6 | Sankhaburi | 14°57′37.8″ N 100°10′57.6″ E | 2016-08-06 | 2 | 17 | ||
S7 | Manorom | 15°23′11.6″ N 100°08′29.6″ E | 2016-08-13 | 1 | 4 | ||
S8 | Sapphaya | 15°08′15.5″ N 100°14′44.7″ E | 2016-09-17 | 2 | 13 | ||
Total | 9 | 56 | |||||
Nakhon Sawan | |||||||
S9 | Phayuha Khiri | 15°28′06.3″ N 100°12′17.7″ E | 2016-09-16 | 28.1–28.6 | 374.7 | 4 | 19 |
S10 | Phaisali | 15°38′20.6″ N 100°46′49.6″ E | 2016-09-16 | 2 | 16 | ||
S11 | Tak Fa | 15°21′21.2″ N 100°30′10.0″ E | 2016-09-17 | 2 | 12 | ||
S12 | Takhli | 15°16′19.5″ N 100°21′48.1″ E | 2016-09-17 | 1 | 5 | ||
Total | 9 | 52 | |||||
Phetchabun | |||||||
S13 | Bueng Sam Phan | 15°43′51.0″ N 100°52′34.9″ E | 2016-09-16 | 27.2–27.8 | 290.5 | 2 | 10 |
S14 | Mueang Phetchabun | 16°18′08.2″ N 101°03′58.2″ E | 2016-09-17 | 3 | 15 | ||
S15 | Chon Daen | 16°12′32.6″ N 100°57′48.9″ E | 2016-09-17 | 4 | 21 | ||
Total | 9 | 46 |
Taxa | Number of Strain | Total | FO (%) a | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Suphan Buri | Chai Nat | Nakhon Sawan | Phetchabun | |||
Phylum Ascomycota Subphylum Saccharomycotina | ||||||
Candida intermedia | 1 | 1 | 3 | - | 5 | 13.9 |
Candida quercitrusa | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | 2.8 |
Candida saopaulonensis | - | 2 | - | 2 | 4 | 11.1 |
Candida uthaithanina | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Kodamaea ohmeri | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Metschnikowia lopburiensis | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8.3 |
Meyerozyma caribbica | 2 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 14 | 38.9 |
Pichia bruneiensis | - | 2 | - | 4 | 6 | 16.7 |
Pichia kudriavzevii | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 | 5.6 |
Wickerhamomyces anomalus | 2 | 1 | - | - | 3 | 8.3 |
Phylum Basidiomycota Subphylum Agaricomycotina | ||||||
Dioszegia zsoltii | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | 8.3 |
Hannaella oryzae | - | - | 2 | - | 2 | 5.6 |
Hannaella pagnoccae | - | 2 | - | 1 | 3 | 8.3 |
Hannaella phetchabunensis | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Hannaella phyllophila | - | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 8.3 |
Hannaella siamensis | 1 | 2 | - | 2 | 5 | 13.9 |
Hannaella sinensis | 5 | 8 | 6 | 5 | 24 | 66.7 |
Potential new species closest to Vishniacozyma heimaeyensis | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | 5.6 |
Kwoniella bestiolae | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Kwoniella heveanensis | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Papiliotrema flavescens | 1 | 5 | 2 | 6 | 14 | 38.9 |
Papiliotrema laurentii | 3 | 1 | 1 | - | 5 | 13.9 |
Papiliotrema rajasthanensis | 5 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 11 | 30.6 |
Papiliotrema ruineniae | - | 1 | 1 | - | 2 | 5.6 |
Plapiliotrema plantarum | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Saitozyma flava | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 5.6 |
Subphylum Pucciniomycotina | ||||||
Cystobasidium calyptogenae | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Symmetrospora vermiculata | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 3 | 8.3 |
Rhodotorula mucilaginosa | 2 | - | - | - | 2 | 5.6 |
Rhodotorula paludigena | 5 | 4 | 5 | 4 | 18 | 50.0 |
Rhodotorula toruloides | - | - | 1 | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Potential new species closest to Rhodotorula toruloides | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | 5.6 |
Rhodosporidiobolus nylandii | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Rhodosporidiobolus ruineniae | - | - | 2 | 1 | 3 | 8.3 |
Rhodosporidiobolus fluvialis | - | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Rhodosporidiobolus odoratus | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Sporobolomyces blumeae | 5 | - | 2 | - | 7 | 19.4 |
Sporobolomyces nakasei | - | - | - | 6 | 6 | 16.7 |
Sporobolomyces carnicolor | - | 1 | - | 1 | 2 | 5.6 |
Subphylum Ustilaginomycotina | ||||||
Anthracocystis elionuri | 1 | 3 | 2 | - | 6 | 16.7 |
Dirkmeia churashimaensis | 8 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 17 | 47.2 |
Moesziomyces antarcticus | 3 | - | 5 | 2 | 10 | 27.8 |
Ustilago trichophora | 1 | 1 | - | - | 2 | 5.6 |
Ustilago siamensis | 1 | - | - | - | 1 | 2.8 |
Ustilago sparsa | 6 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 13 | 36.1 |
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Into, P.; Pontes, A.; Sampaio, J.P.; Limtong, S. Yeast Diversity Associated with the Phylloplane of Corn Plants Cultivated in Thailand. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010080
Into P, Pontes A, Sampaio JP, Limtong S. Yeast Diversity Associated with the Phylloplane of Corn Plants Cultivated in Thailand. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(1):80. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010080
Chicago/Turabian StyleInto, Parichat, Ana Pontes, José Paulo Sampaio, and Savitree Limtong. 2020. "Yeast Diversity Associated with the Phylloplane of Corn Plants Cultivated in Thailand" Microorganisms 8, no. 1: 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8010080