CD209 and Not CD28 or STAT6 Polymorphism Mediates Clinical Malaria and Parasitemia among Children from Nigeria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population and Genomic DNA Isolation
2.2. TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polymorphism | Genotype | Malaria (n = 231) | Controls (n = 330) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
STAT6 (rs3024974) | G/G | 171 (74.0) | 241 (74.4) | 1 | - |
G/A | 40 (17.3) | 65 (20.1) | 1.15 (0.74–1.79) | 0.3 | |
A/A | 20 (8.7) | 18 (5.6) | 0.64 (0.33–1.24) | - | |
Dominant | |||||
G/G | 171 (74.0) | 241 (74.4) | 1 | - | |
G/A-A/A | 60 (26.0) | 83 (25.6) | 0.98 (0.67–1.44) | 0.92 | |
Recessive | |||||
G/G-G/A | 211 (91.3) | 306 (94.4) | 1 | - | |
A/A | 20 (8.7) | 18 (5.6) | 0.62 (0.32–1.20) | 0.16 | |
Overdominant | |||||
G/G-A/A | 191 (82.7) | 259 (79.9) | 1 | - | |
G/A | 40 (17.3) | 65 (20.1) | 1.20 (0.77–1.85) | 0.16 |
Polymorphism | Genotype | Malaria (n = 231) | Controls (n = 330) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD28 (rs35593994) | G/G | 50 (22.1) | 173 (54.9) | 1 | - |
G/A | 148 (65.5) | 89 (28.2) | 0.17 (0.12–0.26) | 0.0001 | |
A/A | 28 (12.4) | 53 (16.8) | 0.55 (0.31–0.95) | - | |
Dominant | |||||
G/G | 50 (21.1) | 173 (54.9) | 1 | - | |
G/A-A/A | 176 (77.9) | 142 (45.1) | 0.23 (0.16–0.34) | 0.0001 | |
Recessive | |||||
G/G-G/A | 198 (87.6) | 262 (83.2) | 1 | - | |
A/A | 28 (12.4) | 53 (16.8) | 1.43 (0.87–2.34) | 0.15 | |
Overdominant | |||||
G/G-A/A | 78 (34.5) | 226 (71.8) | 1 | ||
G/A | 148 (65.5) | 89 (28.2) | 0.21 (0.14–0.30) | 0.0001 |
Polymorphism | Genotype | Malaria (n = 231) | Controls (n = 330) | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CD209 (rs4804803) | A/A | 44 (20.7) | 163 (52.1) | 1 | - |
A/G | 71 (33.3) | 79 (25.2) | 0.30 (0.19–0.48) | 0.0001 | |
G/G | 98 (46) | 71 (22.7) | 0.20 (0.12–0.31) | ||
Dominant | |||||
A/A | 44 (20.7) | 163 (52.1) | 1 | - | |
A/G-G/G | 169 (79.3) | 150 (47.9) | 0.24 (0.16–0.36) | 0.0001 | |
Recessive | |||||
A/A-A/G | 115 (54) | 242 (77.3) | 1 | - | |
G/G | 98 (46) | 71 (22.7) | 0.34 (0.24–0.50) | 0.0001 | |
Overdominant | |||||
A/A-G/G | 142 (66.7) | 234 (74.8) | 1 | - | |
A/G | 71 (33.3) | 79 (25.2) | 0.68 (0.46–0.99) | 0.044 |
Haplotype | Haplotype Definition | Haplotype Frequency | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STAT6 (-G > A) |
CD209 (-383A > G) |
CD28 (-372G > A) | Malaria | Controls | Malaria vs. Controls | OR (95% CI) | p-Value | |
H1 | G | A | A | 0.1431 | 0.3688 | 0.2794 | 1 | NA |
H2 | G | G | A | 0.3053 | 0.2261 | 0.2556 | 0.41 (0.27–0.61) | 0.0001 |
H3 | G | A | G | 0.1559 | 0.17 | 0.1612 | 0.43 (0.27–0.71) | 0.001 |
H4 | G | G | G | 0.2225 | 0.0791 | 0.1408 | 0.20 (0.13–0.31) | 0.0001 |
H5 | A | A | A | 0.0663 | 0.0643 | 0.0649 | 0.49 (0.25–0.96) | 0.038 |
H6 | A | A | G | 0.008 | 0.0442 | 0.0293 | 2.09 (0.27–16.22) | 0.48 |
H7 | A | G | A | 0.0341 | 0.0308 | 0.032 | 0.48 (0.21–1.11) | 0.086 |
H8 | A | G | G | 0.0648 | 0.0166 | 0.0369 | 0.12 (0.04–0.35) | 1 × 10−4 |
D-Stat/p-Values | STAT6 (rs3024974) | CD209 (rs4804803) | CD28 (rs35593994) |
---|---|---|---|
STAT6 (rs3024974) | - | 0.0075 | 0.0103 |
CD209 (rs4804803) | 0.187 | - | 0.0022 |
CD28 (rs35593994) | 0.0582 | 0.7655 | - |
Polymorphism | Genotype | Age (Months) | Temperature (Celsius) | PCV (%) | Parasitemia (per μL of blood) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
STAT6 (rs3024974) | GG | 59 | 38 | 34 | 24,952 |
GA | 46 | 38 | 31 | 8891 | |
AA | 96 | 38 | 34 | 22,523 | |
MeanTotal | 201 | 114 | 99 | 56,366 | |
p-value | GG vs. GA | 0.0552 | 0.0272 | 0.0539 | 0.0012 |
GG vs. AA | 0.0035 | 0.1474 | 0.7942 | 0.7357 | |
GA vs. AA | 0.0003 | 0.0096 | 0.0083 | 0.0568 | |
CD28(snp: -372G/A) | GG | 77 | 38 | 34 | 14,956 |
GA | 53 | 38 | 34 | 24,279 | |
AA | 67 | 38 | 32 | 19,727 | |
Mean Total | 197 | 114 | 100 | 58962 | |
p-value | GG vs. GA | 0.0708 | 0.4436 | 0.2428 | 0.4489 |
GG vs. AA | 0.3617 | 0.4131 | 0.1878 | 0.4521 | |
GA vs. AA | 0.0211 | 0.1292 | 0.7745 | 0.1315 | |
CD209(snp: -383A/G) | AA | 37 | 38 | 30 | 12,139 |
AG | 78 | 38 | 33 | 22,415 | |
GG | 58 | 38 | 36 | 26,028 | |
Mean Total | 173 | 114 | 99 | ||
p-value | AA vs. AG | 6.1306 ×10−4 | 0.3679 | 0.0045 | 0.0495 |
AA vs. GG | 0.0019 | 0.2925 | 0.0941 | 0.0399 | |
AG vs. GG | 0.0094 | 0.8312 | 0.4369 | 0.5983 |
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Morenikeji, O.B.; Metelski, J.L.; Hawkes, M.E.; Capria, A.L.; Seamans, B.N.; Falade, C.O.; Ojurongbe, O.; Thomas, B.N. CD209 and Not CD28 or STAT6 Polymorphism Mediates Clinical Malaria and Parasitemia among Children from Nigeria. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020158
Morenikeji OB, Metelski JL, Hawkes ME, Capria AL, Seamans BN, Falade CO, Ojurongbe O, Thomas BN. CD209 and Not CD28 or STAT6 Polymorphism Mediates Clinical Malaria and Parasitemia among Children from Nigeria. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(2):158. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020158
Chicago/Turabian StyleMorenikeji, Olanrewaju B., Jessica L. Metelski, Megan E. Hawkes, Anna L. Capria, Brooke N. Seamans, Catherine O. Falade, Olusola Ojurongbe, and Bolaji N. Thomas. 2020. "CD209 and Not CD28 or STAT6 Polymorphism Mediates Clinical Malaria and Parasitemia among Children from Nigeria" Microorganisms 8, no. 2: 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020158