Nanoscale Phenotypic Textures of Yersinia pestis Across Environmentally-Relevant Matrices
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Instruments
2.2. Fabrication of 3D Printed Cell-Culture Chamber
2.3. Cell Culture
2.4. Chamber-Grown Bacteria
2.5. Culturing in SESOM Medium
2.6. Chamber Experiment with Soil
2.7. Imaging and Atomic Force Microscopy
2.8. Fatty Acid Profiling
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Chamber Design and Cell Culture
3.2. AFM Imaging of Single Y. pestis Cells
3.3. Cell Surface Hydrophobicity Using Force Spectroscopy
3.4. Whole Cell Fatty Acid Profiles
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bacteria | Media | Technique | Comments | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pseudomonas sp., arthrobacter sp., A. globiformis, E. coli. | Mineral salt medium. Acetate, ethanol, mannitol, glucose and a-xylene as growth substrate | Water contact angle | Investigated the influence of substrate and growth conditions on hydrophobicity and electrophoretic mobility | [39] |
E. coli, P. putida, F. breve, S. marcescens, A. calcoaceticus | LB | BATH, MAC, HIC | Determined the cell surface properties directly in waste water. | [40] |
L. monocytogenes | TSYE and BHI | MATS | Hydrophobicity trend was TSYE > BHI | [41] |
S. epidermidis | HBA, BHIA, BHIB, TSB and PPB | HAA | Hydrophobicity trend was HBA> BHIA > BHIB> TSB> PPB | [42] |
Lactobacillus sp., | De Man-Rogosa-Sharpe medium | Water contact angle, force spectroscopy | Determined the changes in cell surface hydrophobicity in response to ionic strength | [43] |
Mycobacterium bovis | Sauton medium | Chemical force microscopy | Measured hydrophobic forces on cell surface | [44] |
E. coli | LLB and SLB | Water contact angle | Characterized hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of cell surface | [45] |
E. coli, S. aureus, A. niger | LB and PSM | MATH | Determined DEP degradation using hydrophobicity. | [46] |
S. aureus | TSB | MATH | Determined cell surface hydrophobicity increase with temperature. | [47] |
E. coli | LB | Water contact angle | Determined the level of bacterial adhesion with hydrophobicity | [48] |
14:0 3-OH | 16:1 ω7c | 16:0 | 17:0 Cyclo | 18:1 ω7c | 19:0 Cyclo | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TSA-no soil | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 6.7 ± 4.4 | 39.0 ± 3.0 | 41.7 ± 4.7 | 5.2 ± 2.8 | 3.6 ± 1.0 |
TSA-soil | 1.9 ± 1.5 | 8.1 ± 3.5 | 36.9 ± 1.7 | 41.0 ± 3.9 | 6.1 ± 2.4 | 3.9 ± 1.5 |
Agar-no soil | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 3.4 ± 1.1 | 36.1 ± 0.6 | 45.7 ± 1.3 | 3.4 ± 1.6 | 7.4 ± 1.2 |
Agar-soil | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 5.2 ± 2.0 | 34.8 ± 1.7 | 43.0 ± 2.3 | 5.7 ± 1.7 | 6.4 ± 0.6 |
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Iqbal, K.M.; Bertino, M.F.; Shah, M.R.; Ehrhardt, C.J.; Yadavalli, V.K. Nanoscale Phenotypic Textures of Yersinia pestis Across Environmentally-Relevant Matrices. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020160
Iqbal KM, Bertino MF, Shah MR, Ehrhardt CJ, Yadavalli VK. Nanoscale Phenotypic Textures of Yersinia pestis Across Environmentally-Relevant Matrices. Microorganisms. 2020; 8(2):160. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020160
Chicago/Turabian StyleIqbal, Kanwal M., Massimo F. Bertino, Muhammed R. Shah, Christopher J. Ehrhardt, and Vamsi K. Yadavalli. 2020. "Nanoscale Phenotypic Textures of Yersinia pestis Across Environmentally-Relevant Matrices" Microorganisms 8, no. 2: 160. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020160