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Microorganisms
Volume 9
Issue 10
10.3390/microorganisms9102075
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Hypothesis

AT Homopolymer Strings in Salmonella enterica Subspecies I Contribute to Speciation and Serovar Diversity

by
Jean Guard
1,*,
Adam R. Rivers
2,
Justin N. Vaughn
1,
Michael J. Rothrock, Jr.
1,
Adelumola Oladeinde
1 and
Devendra H. Shah
3
1
US Department of Agriculture, US National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USA
2
US Department of Agriculture, Genomics and Bioinformatics Research, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
3
Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Microorganisms 2021, 9(10), 2075; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102075
Submission received: 13 June 2021 / Revised: 8 September 2021 / Accepted: 27 September 2021 / Published: 1 October 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Salmonella and Salmonellosis)
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Abstract

Adenine and thymine homopolymer strings of at least 8 nucleotides (AT 8+mers) were characterized in Salmonella enterica subspecies I. The motif differed between other taxonomic classes but not between Salmonella enterica serovars. The motif in plasmids was possibly associated with serovar. Approximately 12.3% of the S. enterica motif loci had mutations. Mutability of AT 8+mers suggests that genomes undergo frequent repair to maintain optimal gene content, and that the motif facilitates self-recognition; in addition, serovar diversity is associated with plasmid content. A theory that genome regeneration accounts for both persistence of predominant Salmonella serovars and serovar diversity provides a new framework for investigating root causes of foodborne illness.
Keywords: Salmonella enterica; food safety; genome; theory; single nucleotide polymorphisms; recombination; serovar Salmonella enterica; food safety; genome; theory; single nucleotide polymorphisms; recombination; serovar

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MDPI and ACS Style

Guard, J.; Rivers, A.R.; Vaughn, J.N.; Rothrock, Jr., M.J.; Oladeinde, A.; Shah, D.H. AT Homopolymer Strings in Salmonella enterica Subspecies I Contribute to Speciation and Serovar Diversity. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102075

AMA Style

Guard J, Rivers AR, Vaughn JN, Rothrock, Jr. MJ, Oladeinde A, Shah DH. AT Homopolymer Strings in Salmonella enterica Subspecies I Contribute to Speciation and Serovar Diversity. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(10):2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102075

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guard, Jean, Adam R. Rivers, Justin N. Vaughn, Michael J. Rothrock, Jr., Adelumola Oladeinde, and Devendra H. Shah. 2021. "AT Homopolymer Strings in Salmonella enterica Subspecies I Contribute to Speciation and Serovar Diversity" Microorganisms 9, no. 10: 2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102075

APA Style

Guard, J., Rivers, A. R., Vaughn, J. N., Rothrock, Jr., M. J., Oladeinde, A., & Shah, D. H. (2021). AT Homopolymer Strings in Salmonella enterica Subspecies I Contribute to Speciation and Serovar Diversity. Microorganisms, 9(10), 2075. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9102075

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