Seasonal Differences in Cyclospora cayetanensis Prevalence in Colombian Indigenous People
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Type
2.2. Study Population
2.3. Microscopy and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-Based Screening for Cyclospora cayetanensis
2.4. Statistics
2.5. Ethics
3. Results
PCR-Based Detection of Cyclospora cayetanensis and Associated Patient-Specific Features
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Screening in the Rainy Season of 2014 (n = 137 Individuals Screened for C. cayetanensis) | Screening in the Dry season of 2018 (n = 292 Individuals Screened for C. cayetanensis) | Significance * | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive for C. cayetanensis | Negative for C. cayetanensis | Positive for C. cayetanensis | Negative for C. cayetanensis | (threshold 0.05) | |
Numbers (n) of individuals | 17 | 120 | 15 | 277 | 0.0102 * |
Number of males | 7 | 60 | 8 | 122 | 0.3949 |
Number of females | 10 | 60 | 7 | 155 | 0.0236 * |
Age (mean ± standard deviation SD) | 23.2 (±25.7) | 25.6 (±17.1) | 30.1 (±22.2) | 22.8 (±17.8) | 0.1661 |
Size (in cm, mean ± standard deviation SD) | 121.6 (±30.7) | 138.8 (±22.4) | 127.8 (±29.3) | 127.0 (±36.1) | 0.0008 * |
Weight (in kg, mean ± standard deviation SD) | 32.3 (±17.3) | 43.6 (±15.5) | 39.8 (±24.3) | 32.8 (±20.2) | 0.0014 * |
Recorded gastro-intestinal symptoms (n/n, %) | 2/17 (11.8%) | 46/120 (38.3%) | 6/15 (40.0%) | 16/277 (5.8%) | <0.0001 * |
Cycle threshold values in real-time PCR (mean ± standard deviation SD) | 30.3 (±3.4) | n.a. | 34.2 (±1.4) | n.a. | 0.0008 * |
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Frickmann, H.; Alker, J.; Hansen, J.; Dib, J.C.; Aristizabal, A.; Concha, G.; Schotte, U.; Kann, S. Seasonal Differences in Cyclospora cayetanensis Prevalence in Colombian Indigenous People. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030627
Frickmann H, Alker J, Hansen J, Dib JC, Aristizabal A, Concha G, Schotte U, Kann S. Seasonal Differences in Cyclospora cayetanensis Prevalence in Colombian Indigenous People. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(3):627. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030627
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrickmann, Hagen, Juliane Alker, Jessica Hansen, Juan Carlos Dib, Andrés Aristizabal, Gustavo Concha, Ulrich Schotte, and Simone Kann. 2021. "Seasonal Differences in Cyclospora cayetanensis Prevalence in Colombian Indigenous People" Microorganisms 9, no. 3: 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030627