Ocean Acidification Induces Changes in Virus–Host Relationships in Mediterranean Benthic Ecosystems
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sampling Areas
2.2. Sediment Sampling Strategy and Storage
2.3. Biochemical Composition of Sediment Organic Matter
2.4. Viral Abundance, Production and Viral-Induced Prokaryotic Mortality
2.5. Prokaryotic Abundance
2.6. Extracellular Enzymatic Activities
2.7. Prokaryotic Diversity
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Environmental Characteristics
3.2. Effects of Acidification on Biological Variables
3.3. Prokaryotic Abundance and Activity
3.4. Viral Abundance and Production and Viral Impact on Prokaryotes
3.5. Microbial Assemblage Diversity and Structure
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Site | Area | Latitude (N) | Longitude (E) |
---|---|---|---|
P1 | Presidiana | 38.038236° | 14.032400° |
P4 | Presidiana | 38.037050° | 14.032194° |
P7 | Presidiana | 38.041211° | 14.025622° |
N2 | Ischia | 40.732217° | 13.964150° |
N3 | Ischia | 40.732167° | 13.963733° |
S3 | Ischia | 40.730883° | 13.963017° |
SP1 | Panarea (Secca dei Pesci) | 38.594667° | 15.115617° |
SP2 | Panarea (Secca dei Pesci) | 38.593883° | 15.111633° |
SP3 | Panarea (Secca dei Pesci) | 38.628250° | 15.048667° |
SP4 | Panarea (Secca dei Pesci) | 38.637117° | 15.050883° |
CB31 | Panarea (Basiluzzo) | 38.650883° | 15.102550° |
CB32 | Panarea (Basiluzzo) | 38.647550° | 15.108500° |
CB33 | Panarea (Basiluzzo) | 38.650967° | 15.093333° |
CB34 | Panarea (Basiluzzo) | 38.655950° | 15.088150° |
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Tangherlini, M.; Corinaldesi, C.; Ape, F.; Greco, S.; Romeo, T.; Andaloro, F.; Danovaro, R. Ocean Acidification Induces Changes in Virus–Host Relationships in Mediterranean Benthic Ecosystems. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040769
Tangherlini M, Corinaldesi C, Ape F, Greco S, Romeo T, Andaloro F, Danovaro R. Ocean Acidification Induces Changes in Virus–Host Relationships in Mediterranean Benthic Ecosystems. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(4):769. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040769
Chicago/Turabian StyleTangherlini, Michael, Cinzia Corinaldesi, Francesca Ape, Silvestro Greco, Teresa Romeo, Franco Andaloro, and Roberto Danovaro. 2021. "Ocean Acidification Induces Changes in Virus–Host Relationships in Mediterranean Benthic Ecosystems" Microorganisms 9, no. 4: 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9040769