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Microorganisms
Volume 9
Issue 7
10.3390/microorganisms9071398
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Article

Presence of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica DNA in the Aquatic Environment in France

by
Camille D. Brunet
1,†,
Aurélie Hennebique
1,2,†,
Julien Peyroux
1,
Isabelle Pelloux
2,
Yvan Caspar
1,2 and
Max Maurin
1,2,*
1
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, TIMC, UMR5525, 38000 Grenoble, France
2
Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Contributed equally to this work. Author order was determined alphabetically.
Microorganisms 2021, 9(7), 1398; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071398
Submission received: 8 June 2021 / Revised: 24 June 2021 / Accepted: 25 June 2021 / Published: 28 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Section Public Health Microbiology)
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Abstract

In 2018, the incidence of tularemia increased twofold in the west of France, with many pneumonic forms, suggesting environmental sources of infection. We investigated the presence of Francisellatularensis subsp. holarctica and other Francisella species DNA in the natural aquatic environment of this geographic area. Two sampling campaigns, in July 2019 and January 2020, allowed the collection of 87 water samples. Using a combination of real-time PCR assays, we tested the presence of either Francisella sp., F. tularensis/F. novicida, and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, the latter being the only tularemia agent in Europe. Among 57 water samples of the first campaign, 15 (26.3%) were positive for Francisella sp., nine (15.8%) for F. tularensis and/or F. novicida, and four (7.0%) for F. tularensis subsp. holarctica. Ratios were 25/30 (83.3%), 24/30 (80.0%), and 4/30 (13.3%) for the second campaign. Among the thirty sites sampled during the two campaigns, nine were positive both times for Francisella sp., seven for F. tularensis and/or F. novicida, and one for F. tularensis subsp. holarctica. Altogether, our study reveals a high prevalence of Francisella sp. DNA (including the tularemia agent) in the studied aquatic environment. This aquatic environment could therefore participate in the endemicity of tularemia in the west of France.
Keywords: Tularemia; Francisella tularensis; zoonosis; water; France; environment and public health Tularemia; Francisella tularensis; zoonosis; water; France; environment and public health

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MDPI and ACS Style

Brunet, C.D.; Hennebique, A.; Peyroux, J.; Pelloux, I.; Caspar, Y.; Maurin, M. Presence of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica DNA in the Aquatic Environment in France. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1398. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071398

AMA Style

Brunet CD, Hennebique A, Peyroux J, Pelloux I, Caspar Y, Maurin M. Presence of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica DNA in the Aquatic Environment in France. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(7):1398. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071398

Chicago/Turabian Style

Brunet, Camille D., Aurélie Hennebique, Julien Peyroux, Isabelle Pelloux, Yvan Caspar, and Max Maurin. 2021. "Presence of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica DNA in the Aquatic Environment in France" Microorganisms 9, no. 7: 1398. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071398

APA Style

Brunet, C. D., Hennebique, A., Peyroux, J., Pelloux, I., Caspar, Y., & Maurin, M. (2021). Presence of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica DNA in the Aquatic Environment in France. Microorganisms, 9(7), 1398. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071398

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