Multi-Trait Wheat Rhizobacteria from Calcareous Soil with Biocontrol Activity Promote Plant Growth and Mitigate Salinity Stress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Bacterial Strains
2.2. Experimental Strategy
2.3. Antifungal Activity Against Phytopathogenic Fungi
2.4. IAA Production
2.5. Selection of 8 Bacterial Strains Based on Their Best Trait Analysis
2.6. Biofilm Associated Traits
2.6.1. Swarming Motility and Temperature Tolerance
2.6.2. Biofilm Formation
2.7. Salinity Tolerance of Bacterial Strains
2.8. Strain Compatibility
2.9. Screening of the 8 Selected Bacterial Strains for Plant Growth Promotion on Arabidopsis thaliana (Col-0)
2.10. Screening of the 4 Selected Bacterial Strains for Plant Growth Promotion on A. thaliana (Col-0) under Salinity Conditions
2.11. Screening of 2 Selected Compatible Bacterial Strain Dyads for Plant Growth Promotion on A. thaliana (Col-0)
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Antifungal Activity Against Phytopathogenic Fungi
3.2. IAA Production
3.3. First Bacterial Strain Selection
3.4. Further Beneficial Traits
3.4.1. Biofilm Associated Traits
Swarming Motility and Temperature Tolerance
Biofilm Formation
3.4.2. Salinity Tolerance
Salt Tolerance of Bacterial Strains
3.4.3. Strain Compatibility
3.4.4. Plant Growth Promotion on A. thaliana (Col-0)
3.5. Plant Growth Promotion on A. thaliana (Col-0) under Salinity Conditions
3.6. Screening of 2 Selected Compatible Bacterial Strain Dyads as Mixtures for Plant Growth Promotion on A. thaliana (Col-0)
3.7. Overall Additional Beneficial Traits of the Selected Strains
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Isolate | P Solubilization | Siderophore | Urease Activity | Identification Based on 16S rRNA | Accession Number | Antifungal Activity Inhibition Rate (IR) | IAA Production μg/mL |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.SG.7 | - | + | + | Bacillus sp. | LR027398 | 56.5 | 2.35 ± 0.6 |
2.SG.20 | + | + | + | P. koreensis | LR027423 | 50.2 | 18.25 ± 0.9 |
5.SG.3 | + | + | + | B. amyloliquefaciens | LR027456 | 62.9 | 28.35 ± 0.8 |
2.C.19 | + | + | + | P. moraviensis | LR027411 | 56.5 | 25.15 ± 0.5 |
3.SG.19 | + | + | + | P. fluorescens | LR027436 | 53.9 | 15.41 ± 0.2 |
2.C.23 | + | + | + | P. fluorescens | LR027412 | 55.6 | 22.61 ± 0.8 |
4.SG.6 | + | + | + | P. koreensis | LR027448 | 54.5 | 20.16 ± 0.9 |
2.SG.8 | + | + | + | P. koreensis | LR027414 | 52.8 | 11.2 ± 0.9 |
[48] | present study |
Isolate | 1.SG.7 | 2.SG.20 | 5.SG.3 | 2.C.19 | 3.SG.19 | 2.C.23 | 4.SG.6 | 2.SG.8 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.SG.7 | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + |
2.SG.20 | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + |
5.SG.3 | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + |
2.C.19 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
3.SG.19 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - |
2.C.23 | - | - | - | + | + | + | + | + |
4.SG.6 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
2.SG.8 | + | + | + | - | + | + | + | + |
Isolate | Biocontrol Activity | IAA Production | Plant Growth Promotion | Plant Growth Promotion in Salinity | Lateral Roots | Strain Salinity Tolerance | Temperature Tolerance | Biofilm Formation | Compatibility in Dyads |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1.SG.7 | |||||||||
2.SG.20 | |||||||||
5.SG.3 | |||||||||
2.C.19 | |||||||||
3.SG.19 | |||||||||
2.C.23 | |||||||||
4.SG.6 | |||||||||
2.SG.8 | |||||||||
strong | |||||||||
medium | |||||||||
low | |||||||||
not applicable |
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Venieraki, A.; Chorianopoulou, S.N.; Katinakis, P.; Bouranis, D.L. Multi-Trait Wheat Rhizobacteria from Calcareous Soil with Biocontrol Activity Promote Plant Growth and Mitigate Salinity Stress. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081588
Venieraki A, Chorianopoulou SN, Katinakis P, Bouranis DL. Multi-Trait Wheat Rhizobacteria from Calcareous Soil with Biocontrol Activity Promote Plant Growth and Mitigate Salinity Stress. Microorganisms. 2021; 9(8):1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081588
Chicago/Turabian StyleVenieraki, Anastasia, Styliani N. Chorianopoulou, Panagiotis Katinakis, and Dimitris L. Bouranis. 2021. "Multi-Trait Wheat Rhizobacteria from Calcareous Soil with Biocontrol Activity Promote Plant Growth and Mitigate Salinity Stress" Microorganisms 9, no. 8: 1588. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081588