Oral Exposure to Genistein during Conception and Lactation Period Affects the Testicular Development of Male Offspring Mice
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animal Ethics Statement
2.2. Animals and Treatments
2.3. Sample Collection
2.4. Histomorphology under Light Microscope
2.5. Transmission Electronic Microscopy
2.6. Spermatogenesis Analysis
2.7. Immunohistochemistry
2.8. Apoptosis Assay
2.9. Serum Testosterone Measurement
2.10. RNA Extraction and Real-Time PCR
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Growth Performance
3.2. Serum Concentrations of Testosterone
3.3. Testis Histology
3.4. Effects of GEN Exposure on ESR1, ESR2, CYP19A1, SOX9 and BRD7 Expression in the Testis of Mice at PND35
3.5. PCNA Detection, TUNEL Assay and Testis Scoring
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations:
GEN | Genistein |
CON | Control group |
LGE | Low dose of genistein diet |
HE | High dose of genistein diet |
PD | Pregnancy days |
PND | Post-Natal days |
T | Testosterone |
ESR1 | Estrogen receptor 1 |
ESR2 | Estrogen receptor 2 |
CYP19A1 | Cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1 |
SOX9 | Sry-related HMG box 9 |
BRD7 | Bromodomain-containing protein 7 |
PCNA | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen |
HE | Hematoxylin-eosin staining |
References
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Score | Criteria of Scoring Method |
---|---|
5 | Complete spermatogenesis and perfect tubules |
4 | Spermatozoa present with disorganized spermatogenesis |
3 | No spermatozoa, but long spermatids present |
2 | No long spermatids present, but round spermatids present |
1 | No spermatids, but spermatocytes present |
0 | Only spermatogonia present |
Index | CON | LGE | HGE | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Body weight (g) | 33.84 ± 0.63 b | 37.07 ± 0.75 a | 26.04 ± 0.65 c | <0.001 |
Testis weight (g) | 0.098 ± 0.003 b | 0.120 ± 0.006 a | 0.074 ± 0.003 c | <0.05 |
Epididymis (mg) | 0.031 ± 0.002 | 0.032 ± 0.001 | 0.027 ± 0.002 | 0.15 |
Seminiferous epithelium height (μm) | 60.98 ± 3.52 b | 89.34 ± 4.51 a | 38.08 ± 4.86 c | <0.05 |
Seminiferous tubules Diameter (μm) | 177.83 ± 2.41 a | 180.80 ± 2.08 a | 153.92 ± 5.98 b | <0.001 |
Abnormal spermatids (%) | 8.1 ± 2.55 b | 9.28 ± 3.09 b | 50.20 ± 7.17 a | <0.001 |
Testes scoring | 3.48 ± 1.07 b | 4.35 ± 0.11 a | 2.88 ± 0.26 c | <0.05 |
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Shi, Z.; Lv, Z.; Hu, C.; Zhang, Q.; Wang, Z.; Hamdard, E.; Dai, H.; Mustafa, S.; Shi, F. Oral Exposure to Genistein during Conception and Lactation Period Affects the Testicular Development of Male Offspring Mice. Animals 2020, 10, 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030377
Shi Z, Lv Z, Hu C, Zhang Q, Wang Z, Hamdard E, Dai H, Mustafa S, Shi F. Oral Exposure to Genistein during Conception and Lactation Period Affects the Testicular Development of Male Offspring Mice. Animals. 2020; 10(3):377. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030377
Chicago/Turabian StyleShi, Zhicheng, Zengpeng Lv, Chenhui Hu, Qing Zhang, Zhe Wang, Enayatullah Hamdard, Hongjian Dai, Sheeraz Mustafa, and Fangxiong Shi. 2020. "Oral Exposure to Genistein during Conception and Lactation Period Affects the Testicular Development of Male Offspring Mice" Animals 10, no. 3: 377. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10030377