The Global Rise of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in the Livestock Sector: A Five-Year Overview
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing E. coli
3. Publications Analyzed
4. Antibiotic Resistance in Livestock
5. Prevalence of ESBL-E. coli in Livestock
6. Distribution of Genetically Variant ESBLs
7. Circulation of Non-β-Lactam Resistance Genes
8. Virulence Factors
9. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ambler Scheme (Molecular Class) | Bush–Jacoby Group (Functional) | Characteristics | Substrate | Inhibited by | Enzyme Examples | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clavulanic Acid | EDTA | |||||
A | 2a | Penicillinases | Penicillins | + | - | PC1 |
2b | Broad-spectrum enzymes | Penicillins, early cephalosporins | + | - | TEM-1, TEM-2, TEM-13, SHV-1, SHV-11 | |
2be | Extended broad-spectrum enzymes | Penicillins, oxyimino-cephalosporins, monobactams | + | - | TEM-3, TEM-10, SHV-2, CTX-M, PER-1, VEB-1 | |
2br | Broad-spectrum enzymes | Penicillins | - | - | TEM-30, TEM-31, SHV-10 | |
2ber | Extended-spectrum enzymes | Penicillins, extended-spectrum cephalosporins, monobactams | - | - | TEM-50, TEM-158 | |
2c | Carbenicillin-hydrolyzing enzymes | Penicillins, carbenicillin | + | - | PSE-1, CARB-3 | |
2ce | Extended-spectrum carbenicillinase | Carbenicillin, cefepime | + | - | CARB-10 | |
2e | Cephalosporinases | Extended-spectrum cephalosporins | + | - | CepA | |
2f | Carbapenem-hydrolyzing nonmetallo-β-lactamases | Carbapenems | + | - | GES, KPC-2, SME-1, IMI-1 | |
B | 3 | Metallo-β-lactamases | Carbapenems | - | + | IMP, VIM, IND |
C | 1 | Cephalosporinases | Narrow- and extended-spectrum cephalosporins | - | - | MIR-1, ACT-1, FOX-1, CMY-47 |
D | 2d | Cloxacillin-hydrolyzing enzymes | Cloxacilina, oxacilina | + | - | OXA-1, OXA-10 |
2de | Cloxacillin, oxacillin, oxyimino-cephalosporins, monobactams | + | - | OXA-11, OXA-15 | ||
2df | Carbapenems | + | - | OXA-23, OXA-51, OXA-58 |
Continent | Country | Source | Detection Test | ESBL Genes | Other Antibiotic Resistance Genes | Virulence Genes | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa | Nigeria | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55, TEM | tetA, tetB, aac(3)-II | - | [40] |
Pig | PCR | CTX-M-15 | - | - | |||
Egypt | Poultry | PCR, microarrays | TEM, SHV, OXA-1, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15 | aadA1, sul2, floR, qnrS, qnrB, dfrA, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetC | lpfA, hemL, ireA, iroN, iss, tir | [109] | |
Ivory Coast | Cattle | PCR | CTX-M, TEM, SHV | - | - | [82] | |
Ghana | Poultry | WGS | CTX-M-15, SHV-12 | - | - | [106] | |
Tunisia | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-1 | - | - | [50] | |
Cow | CTX-M-15 | ||||||
Sheep | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, TEM-1 | ||||||
Nigeria | Pig, sheep, cow, poultry | PCR | TEM, CTX-M-15, SHV | aac(6’)-lb | - | [51] | |
Nigeria | Poultry | WGS | CTX-M, CTX-M-15, TEM | tetA, sul2, mdfA, aph(3)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA14 | - | [89] | |
Nigeria | Cow | Microarrays | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-9, TEM | strB, sul2 | hemL, iss, lpfA | [98] | |
Tanzania | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M, TEM, SHV | aac(6)-Ib-cr, qnrB, qepA | - | [85] | |
Pig | |||||||
Nigeria | Cow | WGS | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55 | qnrS1, aph(6)-Id, aph(3)-Ib, aadA2, aadA5, aph(3)-Id, sul2, dfrA14, dfrA17, mdfA, tetA | - | [83] | |
Egypt | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-9, TEM, OXA-2 | - | - | [24] | |
Algeria | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-1 | tetA, sul1 | - | [110] | |
Egypt | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M, SHV, TEM | - | - | [5] | |
Cow | |||||||
Nigeria | Cow, poultry, pig, sheep | qPCR, WGS | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, CTX-M-65, TEM-1 | strA, strB, aac3-IId, aadA5, sul2, sul1, dfrA14, dfrA17, mphA | - | [84] | |
Tunisia | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, TEM, SHV-12 | aac(6’)-Ib-cr, sul1, tetB | fimH, fyuA, iutA, papGIII | [80] | |
Egypt | Poultry | PCR | TEM, SHV | - | - | [52] | |
America | Canada | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-1 | - | - | [107] |
Cuba | Poultry | PCR, microarrays | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15 | tetA, tetB, mphA, sul2, dfrA17, strA, strB | - | [90] | |
USA | Cow, pig, poultry | PCR, WGS | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, TEM | tetA, tetB, aph(6)-Id, sul1, sul2, sul3, strA, strB, aadA2, aph(3’)-Ia | - | [22] | |
USA | Cow | PCR | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9 | mphA, qnrB | - | [92] | |
WGS | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-32, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-65 | aph(3’’)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, sul1, sul2, mphA, mdfA, tetA, floR | |||||
Mexico | Cow, poultry, pig, sheep | PCR | CTX-M, TEM | tetA, tetB, aadA1, strA, strB, sul1,2,3, qnrB | hlyA | [86] | |
Chile | Cow, poultry, pig, sheep | PCR | CTX-M, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, TEM, SHV | - | - | [20] | |
Brazil | Poultry | Microarrays | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2 | - | - | [108] | |
WGS | CTX-M-2, CTX-M-15 | ||||||
Brazil | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M, SHV | - | - | [91] | |
Asia | China | Pig | PCR, WGS | CTX-M, TEM- SHV, OXA-48, NDM | qnrS, qnrA, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrB, oqxAB, qnrD, qepA | - | [57] |
Philippines | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-25, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-9, TEM, SHV | - | - | [31] | |
Thailand | Pig | PCR | CTX-M, TEM | - | - | [59] | |
WGS | CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, TEM-1B | sul1, sul2, sul3, qnrS1, tetA, tetD, aadA2, aph(3’)-Ia | |||||
Pakistan | Cow | PCR | CTX-M-15, TEM | - | - | [60] | |
Poultry | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, TEM | ||||||
Thailand | Poultry | PCR, WGS | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-65 | - | - | [61]. | |
Malaysia | Cow | PCR | CTX-M, TEM | - | - | [62] | |
China | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-15, CTX.M-1, CTX-M-65, CTX-M-74, CTX-M-25, TEM, SHV | qnrS, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrB, qnrA | papC, iucD, iroN, iucD, iss, iutA, tsh, irp-2 | [63] | |
India | Pig | PCR | TEM, CTX-M, CMY | tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, aadA, dfrIa | - | [65] | |
South Korea | Poultry | PCR | TEM-1, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-65 | - | - | [39] | |
Pig | TEM-1, CTX-M-3, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-65 | ||||||
Cow | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-65 | ||||||
India | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M, TEM, SHV | - | - | [65] | |
India | Pig | PCR | CTX-M | - | - | [66] | |
China | Poultry | PCR | TEM | - | - | [38] | |
Pig | CTX-M, TEM | ||||||
Indonesia | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M | - | - | [67] | |
Pakistan | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, TEM | - | - | [87] | |
Thailand | Pig | PCR | CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-9, OXA-140, SHV-12 | - | - | [111] | |
Korea | Pollo | PCR, WGS | CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-65, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-27 | sul1, sul2, strA, strB, fosA, aac(3)-IId, mphA | - | [112] | |
Thailand | Pig | PCR | CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, TEM | mcr-1 | - | [100] | |
Korea | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-65, TEM-1 | dfrA1, aadA1 | - | [113] | |
Vietnam | Pig | WGS | CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-65, OXA-10 | mcr-1, mcr-3, qnrS1, qnrB19, aadA1, aph(3’)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IId, aadA2, dfrA12, dfrA14, tetA, tetM, cmlA1, floR, mdfA, mefA, mefB, mphA, fosA3, aar2, aar3, sul1, sul2, chrA, merC, merE, merT | traT, ompT, sitA, lpfA, iss, terC, traT, chuA, fyuA | [101] | |
China | Cow | PCR | CTX-M, TEM- SHV | - | - | [23] | |
Malaysia | Pig, poultry | PCR | CTX-M | - | - | [33] | |
Indonesia | Pig | PCR | TEM | - | - | [74] | |
China | Poultry | PCR | TEM, CTX-M, OXA, SHV | - | - | [75] | |
Cow | TEM, OXA, SHV | ||||||
Pig | TEM, OXA, CTX-M, SHV | ||||||
India | Poultry | PCR, WGS | TEM, SHV, OXA, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-9 | qnrS1, dfrA14, sul2, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(3’)-Ia, aph(6)-ld | cib, terC, traT | [76] | |
Pakistan | Cow, poultry, sheep | PCR | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-2, TEM, SHV | mcr-1 | - | [77] | |
Thailand | Pig | PCR | CTX-M-55, CTX-M-14, TEM-1 | - | - | [78] | |
China | Sheep | WGS | CTX-M-55, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-65, CTX-M-17, TEM-1, TEM-150, TEM-235 | aph(6’)-Id aph(3’)-Ia, aph(3’’)-Ib, aadA1, aadA2, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, oqxA, oqxB, cmlA1, cmlA5, catA1, catA2, catA3, floR, mphA, ermB, fosA, mcr-1 | - | [79] | |
Indonesia | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M, TEM | - | - | [94] | |
Malaysia | Poultry | PCR | CTX-M, TEM | mcr-1 | - | [88] | |
Europe | Spain | Cow, sheep | WGS | CTX-M-14, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-32 SHV-12, TEM-1B, TEM-190 OXA-1, OXA-10 | tetA, tetB, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, qnrS, cml1, catA1, floR, mphA, sul1, sul2, sul3, fosA7 | - | [36] |
Greek | Cow, pig | Microarrays | CTX-M-15, TEM | aadA1, aphA, strA, strB, qnrS, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA7, dfrA1, mph | - | [68] | |
Portugal | Sheep | PCR | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-32, CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, CTX-M-98, SHV-12 | aac(6’)-Ib-cr, qnrS, aac(3’)-II, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, sul3 | - | [70] | |
Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Spain, Netherlands, UK | Poultry | WGS | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-14, SHV-12, TEM-52 | aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, tetA, tetB, dfrA1, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, sul3, catA1, floR, mphA, mphB | entABCDEFS, fimABCDEFGHI, csgABCDEFG | [71] | |
Cow | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, SHV-12, TEM-52 | ||||||
Pig | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15 | ||||||
Bosnia | Poultry | Microarrays | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, TEM, SHV | - | - | [72] | |
Latvia | Pig | PCR | CTX-M, TEM, SHV | - | - | [4] | |
France | Cow, pig, poultry | PCR | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-15, TEM-1B, TEM-1C | tetA | - | [73] | |
Italy | Cow | PCR | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9 | mcr-1, mcr-3 | - | [21] | |
Pig | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-9 | mcr-1, mcr-4 | |||||
Poultry | CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-9, SHV-12 | mcr-1 | |||||
Greece | Pig | Microarrays | CTX-M-15, CTX-M-9, CTX-M-8, SHV, TEM, OXA-1, OXA-60 | aadA1, aadA2, aadA4, aac(6’)-Ib, qnrS, qnrA, qnrB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, mcr-1, mcr-2, mcr-4, mcr-8, mph, oqxA, oqxB | - | [103] | |
Macedonia | Cow | PCR | CTX-M, SHV, TEM, OXA-1 | - | - | [93] | |
Oceania | Australia | Pig | RT-PCR | CTX-M-1, TEM-1B | aadA5, dfrA17, dfrA5, sul2, tetA, strA, strB | eae, ehxA, paa | [19] |
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Mandujano-Hernández, A.; Martínez-Vázquez, A.V.; Paz-González, A.D.; Herrera-Mayorga, V.; Sánchez-Sánchez, M.; Lara-Ramírez, E.E.; Vázquez, K.; de Jesús de Luna-Santillana, E.; Bocanegra-García, V.; Rivera, G. The Global Rise of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in the Livestock Sector: A Five-Year Overview. Animals 2024, 14, 2490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172490
Mandujano-Hernández A, Martínez-Vázquez AV, Paz-González AD, Herrera-Mayorga V, Sánchez-Sánchez M, Lara-Ramírez EE, Vázquez K, de Jesús de Luna-Santillana E, Bocanegra-García V, Rivera G. The Global Rise of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in the Livestock Sector: A Five-Year Overview. Animals. 2024; 14(17):2490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172490
Chicago/Turabian StyleMandujano-Hernández, Antonio, Ana Verónica Martínez-Vázquez, Alma D. Paz-González, Verónica Herrera-Mayorga, Mario Sánchez-Sánchez, Edgar E. Lara-Ramírez, Karina Vázquez, Erick de Jesús de Luna-Santillana, Virgilio Bocanegra-García, and Gildardo Rivera. 2024. "The Global Rise of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli in the Livestock Sector: A Five-Year Overview" Animals 14, no. 17: 2490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14172490