Differences in the Detailed Milk Mineral Composition of Italian Local and Saanen Goat Breeds
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Animals and Management Conditions
2.2. Sample Collection and Chemical Analysis
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Descriptive Statistics
3.2. Breed Effect
3.3. Effect of Stage of Lactation
4. Discussion
4.1. Means and Variation of Milk Gross Composition and Mineral Content
4.2. Breed Effect on Milk Mineral Content
4.3. Effect of Stage of Lactation on Milk Mineral Content
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgements
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trait | N. of Observation | Mean | SD | Minimum | Maximum |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milk yield (kg/day) | 815 | 1.18 | 0.53 | 0.20 | 3.25 |
FCM3.5% (kg/day)1 | 815 | 1.21 | 0.50 | 0.22 | 3.18 |
Fat (%) | 815 | 3.97 | 1.06 | 1.90 | 8.81 |
Protein (%) | 815 | 3.36 | 0.56 | 2.10 | 5.61 |
Lactose (%) | 815 | 4.48 | 0.33 | 3.30 | 5.41 |
SCS (units)2 | 815 | 5.61 | 1.90 | 0.36 | 10.17 |
Major minerals (mg/kg) | |||||
K | 217 | 1662 | 231 | 1117 | 2278 |
Ca | 217 | 1067 | 193 | 480 | 1593 |
P | 217 | 796 | 127 | 462 | 1122 |
Na | 217 | 348 | 71 | 241 | 650 |
S | 217 | 293 | 50 | 150 | 411 |
Mg | 217 | 107 | 22 | 64 | 169 |
Trace elements (µg/g) | |||||
Zn | 217 | 2.70 | 0.74 | 0.67 | 4.74 |
B | 217 | 1.42 | 0.80 | 0.04 | 3.71 |
Sr | 217 | 0.81 | 0.28 | 0.05 | 1.52 |
Ba | 217 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.06 | 1.92 |
Fe | 217 | 0.31 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.98 |
Traits | Breed1 | Overall | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GA | GI | JO | MA | MR | SA | SEM | p | |
Milk yield (kg/day) | 0.99d | 0.93d | 1.25bc | 1.28b | 1.01cd | 1.55a | 0.10 | *** |
FCM3.5% (kg/day)2 | 1.01b | 1.00b | 1.30a | 1.33a | 1.05b | 1.50a | 0.08 | *** |
Fat (%) | 3.90a | 4.42a | 4.10a | 4.04a | 4.13a | 3.26b | 0.16 | *** |
Protein (%) | 3.71a | 3.27bc | 3.36bc | 3.11c | 3.40b | 3.42ab | 0.08 | *** |
Lactose (%) | 4.26b | 4.47a | 4.53a | 4.49a | 4.58a | 4.28b | 0.04 | *** |
SCS (units)3 | 5.90b | 5.05c | 5.54bc | 5.04c | 5.46bc | 6.78a | 0.27 | *** |
Major minerals (mg/kg) | ||||||||
K | 1753 | 1753 | 1605 | 1587 | 1585 | 1667 | 32 | |
Ca | 1073 | 975 | 1144 | 1041 | 1100 | 1093 | 24 | |
P | 784ab | 756b | 833a | 716b | 882a | 817ab | 24 | *** |
Na | 374 | 332 | 353 | 340 | 326 | 359 | 7 | |
S | 305 | 277 | 302 | 277 | 308 | 288 | 6 | |
Mg | 114ab | 102ab | 107ab | 95b | 111ab | 120a | 4 | * |
Trace elements (µg/g) | ||||||||
Zn | 2.65ab | 2.46b | 3.17a | 2.29b | 3.19a | 2.49b | 0.16 | *** |
B | 1.32 | 1.33 | 1.36 | 1.57 | 1.32 | 1.56 | 0.05 | |
Sr | 0.75 | 0.75 | 0.97 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.03 | |
Ba | 0.25 | 0.35 | 0.42 | 0.24 | 0.36 | 0.40 | 0.03 | |
Fe | 0.33 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.27 | 0.33 | 0.35 | 0.04 |
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Currò, S.; De Marchi, M.; Claps, S.; Salzano, A.; De Palo, P.; Manuelian, C.L.; Neglia, G. Differences in the Detailed Milk Mineral Composition of Italian Local and Saanen Goat Breeds. Animals 2019, 9, 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9070412
Currò S, De Marchi M, Claps S, Salzano A, De Palo P, Manuelian CL, Neglia G. Differences in the Detailed Milk Mineral Composition of Italian Local and Saanen Goat Breeds. Animals. 2019; 9(7):412. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9070412
Chicago/Turabian StyleCurrò, Sarah, Massimo De Marchi, Salvatore Claps, Angela Salzano, Pasquale De Palo, Carmen L. Manuelian, and Gianluca Neglia. 2019. "Differences in the Detailed Milk Mineral Composition of Italian Local and Saanen Goat Breeds" Animals 9, no. 7: 412. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9070412