Figure 1.
Structure diagram of the designed circulating water channel.
Figure 1.
Structure diagram of the designed circulating water channel.
Figure 2.
The selected contraction curve. R1 is the radius at the inlet of the contraction section, R2 is the radius at the outlet, L is the length of the contraction section, and R is the radius at a location where the distance from the inlet is x.
Figure 2.
The selected contraction curve. R1 is the radius at the inlet of the contraction section, R2 is the radius at the outlet, L is the length of the contraction section, and R is the radius at a location where the distance from the inlet is x.
Figure 3.
Local parameters of the rectification section. d represents the spacing between the screens, and l represents the thickness of the honeycomb.
Figure 3.
Local parameters of the rectification section. d represents the spacing between the screens, and l represents the thickness of the honeycomb.
Figure 4.
The test model of a porous grid plate. Δδ: thickness of the porous grid plate.
Figure 4.
The test model of a porous grid plate. Δδ: thickness of the porous grid plate.
Figure 5.
The state of the fluid field with the rectification of the honeycomb and screens.
Figure 5.
The state of the fluid field with the rectification of the honeycomb and screens.
Figure 6.
The velocity distribution characteristics of the fluid field from the inlet to the outlet of the test section when the honeycomb with different thicknesses is selected.
Figure 6.
The velocity distribution characteristics of the fluid field from the inlet to the outlet of the test section when the honeycomb with different thicknesses is selected.
Figure 7.
The distribution of the turbulence intensity when the honeycomb with different thicknesses is selected: (a) along the axial direction and (b) along the lateral direction.
Figure 7.
The distribution of the turbulence intensity when the honeycomb with different thicknesses is selected: (a) along the axial direction and (b) along the lateral direction.
Figure 8.
The velocity contour of the fluid field in the middle section (z = 0.015 m) when the honeycomb with different thicknesses is selected.
Figure 8.
The velocity contour of the fluid field in the middle section (z = 0.015 m) when the honeycomb with different thicknesses is selected.
Figure 9.
The velocity distribution of the fluid field from the inlet to the outlet of the test section when the honeycomb has different porosities (q1).
Figure 9.
The velocity distribution of the fluid field from the inlet to the outlet of the test section when the honeycomb has different porosities (q1).
Figure 10.
The distribution characteristics of the turbulence intensity when the honeycomb with different porosities is used: (a) along the axial direction and (b) along the lateral direction.
Figure 10.
The distribution characteristics of the turbulence intensity when the honeycomb with different porosities is used: (a) along the axial direction and (b) along the lateral direction.
Figure 11.
The turbulence intensity contours when the honeycomb with different porosities is selected. (q2): screen porosities.
Figure 11.
The turbulence intensity contours when the honeycomb with different porosities is selected. (q2): screen porosities.
Figure 12.
The velocity contours (on the left) and turbulence intensity contours (on the right) when applying a screen with different layers.
Figure 12.
The velocity contours (on the left) and turbulence intensity contours (on the right) when applying a screen with different layers.
Figure 13.
The velocity distribution characteristics of the fluid field when the screen has different porosities.
Figure 13.
The velocity distribution characteristics of the fluid field when the screen has different porosities.
Figure 14.
The distribution of the turbulence intensity when the screens with different porosities are used: (a) along the axial direction and (b) along the lateral direction.
Figure 14.
The distribution of the turbulence intensity when the screens with different porosities are used: (a) along the axial direction and (b) along the lateral direction.
Figure 15.
The pressure distribution contours when the screens with different porosities are selected.
Figure 15.
The pressure distribution contours when the screens with different porosities are selected.
Figure 16.
The turbulence intensity contours of the cross-sections at different locations.
Figure 16.
The turbulence intensity contours of the cross-sections at different locations.
Figure 17.
The velocity distribution characteristics of the fluid field when the screens are arranged at different spacings.
Figure 17.
The velocity distribution characteristics of the fluid field when the screens are arranged at different spacings.
Figure 18.
The distribution of the turbulence intensity along the axial direction and the lateral direction when the screens are arranged at different spacings: (a) along the axial direction, (b) along the lateral direction.
Figure 18.
The distribution of the turbulence intensity along the axial direction and the lateral direction when the screens are arranged at different spacings: (a) along the axial direction, (b) along the lateral direction.
Figure 19.
The velocity and turbulence intensity distribution characteristics at different pumping flow rates. Q: pumping flow rate.
Figure 19.
The velocity and turbulence intensity distribution characteristics at different pumping flow rates. Q: pumping flow rate.
Figure 20.
The velocity and turbulence intensity contours at different pumping flow rates.
Figure 20.
The velocity and turbulence intensity contours at different pumping flow rates.
Figure 21.
The velocities of the experiment and simulation at different pumping flow rates.
Figure 21.
The velocities of the experiment and simulation at different pumping flow rates.
Table 1.
The obtained resistance coefficients. ΔP: pressure drop generated when the fluid flows through a porous grid plate and Δδ: thickness of the porous grid plate.
Table 1.
The obtained resistance coefficients. ΔP: pressure drop generated when the fluid flows through a porous grid plate and Δδ: thickness of the porous grid plate.
Porosity | Velocity (m/s) | Pressure Drop (Pa) | Fitting Equation | Viscous Resistance Coefficient | Inertial Resistance Coefficient |
---|
0.5026 | 0.5 | 407.78 | ΔP/Δδ = 1511.1v2 + 85.999v | 4.3 × 107 | 1511.1 |
1 | 1638.6 |
1.5 | 3468.1 |
2 | 6258.1 |
2.5 | 9648.1 |
0.6013 | 0.5 | 265.66 | ΔP/Δδ = 726v2 + 303.1v | 1.51 × 108 | 726 |
1 | 1008.6 |
1.5 | 2158.3 |
2 | 3503.1 |
2.5 | 5280.5 |
0.6361 | 0.5 | 245.59 | ΔP/Δδ = 575.27v2 + 322.04v | 1.61 × 108 | 575.27 |
1 | 884.3 |
1.5 | 1850.1 |
2 | 2914.9 |
2.5 | 4398.2 |
0.6599 | 0.5 | 247.56 | ΔP/Δδ = 521.02v2 + 344.31v | 1.72 × 108 | 521.02 |
1 | 859.63 |
1.5 | 1753.6 |
2 | 2738.9 |
2.5 | 4118.6 |
0.7088 | 0.5 | 344.95 | ΔP/Δδ = 502.29v2 + 564.25v | 2.82 × 108 | 502.29 |
1 | 1055.1 |
1.5 | 2050 |
2 | 3107.3 |
2.5 | 4547.2 |
Table 2.
The initial values of the parameters.
Table 2.
The initial values of the parameters.
| Parameter | Initial Value |
---|
Honeycomb | Thickness l | 35 mm |
Porosity q1 | 0.6361 |
Screen | Porosity q2 | 0.6361 |
Number of layers n | 3 |
Spacing d | 50 mm |
| Pumping flow rate Q | 5 kg/s |
Table 3.
The velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity of the fluid field in the test section when the honeycomb with different thicknesses is selected.
Table 3.
The velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity of the fluid field in the test section when the honeycomb with different thicknesses is selected.
Thickness | 25 mm | 30 mm | 35 mm | 40 mm | 45 mm | 50 mm |
---|
Velocity inhomogeneity β | 1.2198 | 1.2032 | 1.1240 | 1.1514 | 1.1531 | 1.1542 |
Average turbulence intensity | 0.0564 | 0.0561 | 0.0491 | 0.0544 | 0.0573 | 0.0649 |
Table 4.
The velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity of the fluid field in the test section when the honeycomb with different porosities is applied.
Table 4.
The velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity of the fluid field in the test section when the honeycomb with different porosities is applied.
Porosity | 0.5026 | 0.6013 | 0.6361 | 0.6599 | 0.7088 |
---|
Velocity inhomogeneity β | 1.1260 | 1.1251 | 1.1240 | 1.1247 | 1.1256 |
Average turbulence intensity | 0.0527 | 0.0500 | 0.0491 | 0.0494 | 0.0511 |
Table 5.
The results of velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity when applying a screen with different layers.
Table 5.
The results of velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity when applying a screen with different layers.
| One-Layer | Two-Layer | Three-Layer |
---|
Velocity inhomogeneity β | 1.1652 | 1.1521 | 1.1240 |
Average turbulence intensity | 0.0984 | 0.0524 | 0.0491 |
Table 6.
The velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity of the test section when the screens with different porosities are selected.
Table 6.
The velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity of the test section when the screens with different porosities are selected.
Porosity | 0.5026 | 0.6013 | 0.6361 | 0.6599 | 0.7088 |
---|
Velocity inhomogeneity β | 1.1366 | 1.1300 | 1.1240 | 1.1262 | 1.1472 |
Average turbulence intensity | 0.0567 | 0.0558 | 0.0491 | 0.0512 | 0.0585 |
Table 7.
The results of velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity when the screens are arranged at different spacings.
Table 7.
The results of velocity inhomogeneity and average turbulence intensity when the screens are arranged at different spacings.
Spacing | 30 mm | 40 mm | 50 mm | 60 mm | 70 mm |
---|
Velocity inhomogeneity β | 1.2456 | 1.1327 | 1.1240 | 1.1684 | 1.1915 |
Average turbulence intensity | 0.0603 | 0.0531 | 0.0491 | 0.0510 | 0.0658 |
Table 8.
The relative errors between the experimental and simulation results.
Table 8.
The relative errors between the experimental and simulation results.
Pumping Flow Rate | 2.5 kg/s | 5 kg/s | 7.5 kg/s | 10 kg/s | 12 kg/s |
---|
Axial distance x/m | 0 | 8.08% | 11.80% | 9.37% | 19.27% | 9.73% |
0.1 | 11.53% | 14.58% | 13.09% | 7.81% | 17.81% |
0.2 | 22.73% | 16.39% | 10.68% | 6.81% | 21.85% |
0.3 | 16.66% | 13.24% | 13.69% | 13.08% | 12.43% |
0.4 | 15.80% | 9.39% | 20.78% | 14.79% | 10.66% |
0.5 | 10.48% | 13.12% | 12.15% | 21.66% | 11.13% |
Lateral distance y/m | −0.04 | 19.33% | 10.09% | 8.05% | 11.48% | 11.38% |
−0.02 | 17.99% | 22.77% | 13.43% | 17.05% | 18.03% |
0 | 20.18% | 18.21% | 10.75% | 19.75% | 16.45% |
0.02 | 10.64% | 17.55% | 16.24% | 12.93% | 20.33% |
0.04 | 9.57% | 19.23% | 11.27% | 14.29% | 13.68% |