Feasibility Study and Prospects of Rock Fragmentation Using Ultrasonic Vibration Excitation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Overview of Rock Breakage Methods
3. The Theoretical Feasibility of Ultrasonic Rock Breakage
3.1. Mechanisms of Ultrasonic Action on Rock Mass
3.2. Ultrasonic Vibration Excitation Mechanisms for Rock Breakage
4. Engineering Application and Progress of Ultrasonic Excitation of Coal and Rock Mass
4.1. Application of Power Ultrasound in Underground Mining Engineering
4.2. High-Power Ultrasound Equipment
4.3. Rock Breakage Test Using Ultrasonic Excitation
4.4. Evolution Characteristics of Microcracks in Specimens under Ultrasonic Excitation
4.5. Strength Characteristics of Specimen after Ultrasonic Vibration Excitation
5. Future Development and Prospects
6. Conclusions
- Ultrasonic excitation experiments were designed and performed on different rock types. Microcracks generate and cause the failure of the specimen in relatively short experimental time and under a relatively low axial stress, due to ultrasonic excitation. The fracture length and the fracture propagation speed under ultrasonic excitation are rock-type dependent. The granite specimen and the limestone specimen have the minimum “average maximum fracture length” and the maximum “average maximum fracture length”, respectively. The granite specimen has the shortest failure duration. All four rock types show the characteristics of “no macroscopic fracture-fracture generation-steady fracture propagation”.
- Energy continuously accumulates in the rock specimen as the time of ultrasonic excitation increases. This phenomenon not only leads to the generation of macroscopic fractures, but also causes the formation of microcracks that propagate along crystal boundaries and penetrate crystals. The development of these microcracks notably decreases the compressive strength of the rock specimens. The experimental results show that the compressive strength of red sandstone specimens decreases by 45.6 % after 140 s of ultrasonic excitation.
- Traditional rock breakage technology has the disadvantages of high energy consumption, high costs, and low efficiency. Ultrasonic excitation will become one of the important approaches to the effective breakage of hard rocks. It is highly significant to further investigate the mechanism of ultrasonic excitation and to develop relevant equipment in order to apply the mechanism to high-speed construction involving hard rock breakage.
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Data Availability
References
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Category | Methods | Mechanism | Characteristic |
---|---|---|---|
Mechanical energy rock breakage | Blasting | The borehole is filled with explosives and the rock is broken by the energy generated by explosives | Large disturbance, inconsistency in rock fragmentation, relies on drilling, difficult to automate |
Mechanical breakage | Use the energy generated from the mechanical cutting rig | Low efficiency, rigs are prone to wear out easily | |
Water jet method | Use of a high-pressure water jet to increase the rock’s free surface and increase cutting depth | Affected by the pressure factors of a high-pressure water pump (domestic pumps generally do not exceed 35 MPa), difficult to carry out for large scale hard rock crushing | |
Projectile impact | Gas is fired at the bottom of the shallow borehole, resulting in pulse pressure and the formation of tensile stress | Low material consumption, the broken rock section is easy to control | |
Thermal rock breakage | Plasma method | Under the high-temperature and high-speed plasma arc, the thermal stress generated exceeds the strength limit of the rock, thereby crushing the rock | Suitable for hard rock breakage, but prone to deflection |
Laser method | Use of laser heat to crush the rock | Low cost; easier to be affected by the development of laser technology, rock types and road sections | |
Microwave method | The rock mass is heated by microwaves to change its petrophysical properties | Low level of vibration, flying rock ejection and noise; microwave equipment and the life of the oscillator are difficult to determine |
Lithology | Size/mm | Static Pressure/N | Time/s | Group Count |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sandstone | Φ50 × 100 | 20 | 60 | 4 |
Granite | Φ50 × 100 | 20 | 60 | 4 |
Marble | Φ50 × 100 | 20 | 60 | 4 |
Limestone | Φ50 × 100 | 20 | 60 | 4 |
Rock Type | Before Ultrasonic Excitation | After Ultrasonic Excitation | Maximum Fracture Length (mm) | Average Failure Time(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Red sandstone | | | 30.16 | 63 |
Granite | | | 28.32 | 94.6 |
Marble | | | 36.15 | 10.5 |
Limestone | | | 47.33 | 43.2 |
E/GPa | μ | R/MPa | Rm/MPa | θ/° | C/MPa |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
70 | 0.25 | 53.6 | 6.01 | 42.38 | 18.15 |
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Wang, X.; Wang, X.; Wang, J.; Tian, Z. Feasibility Study and Prospects of Rock Fragmentation Using Ultrasonic Vibration Excitation. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 5868. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10175868
Wang X, Wang X, Wang J, Tian Z. Feasibility Study and Prospects of Rock Fragmentation Using Ultrasonic Vibration Excitation. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10(17):5868. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10175868
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xufeng, Xuanlin Wang, Jiyao Wang, and Zhongxi Tian. 2020. "Feasibility Study and Prospects of Rock Fragmentation Using Ultrasonic Vibration Excitation" Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 5868. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10175868