Reconstruction of Ocean Front Model Based on Sound Speed Clustering and Its Effectiveness in Ocean Acoustic Forecasting
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. Physical Oceanography and Data Introduction
2.2. Description of Ocean Front Characteristic Model
2.3. Introduction of Technical Route
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Reconstruction Results of Ocean Front Sound Speed Field Model
3.2. Comparison Results of TL Calculations
3.3. Effectiveness of Forecasting the Changes of Depth in Convergence Areas
4. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Date | Starting Position of Frontal Zone (km) | Ending Position of Frontal Zone (km) | The Width of Frontal Zone (km) | Melt Parameter (a) |
---|---|---|---|---|
0101 | 100 | 150 | 30 | 0.2 |
0201 | 110 | 160 | 60 | 0.3 |
0701 | 70 | 120 | 50 | 0 |
0801 | 50 | 130 | 70 | −0.1 |
Date | SD | Frequency | Unsmoothed Results | Smoothed Results | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RMSE (dB) | % Over 10 dB Difference | RMSE (dB) | % Over 10 dB Difference | |||
0101 | 100 m | 50 Hz | 4.0979 | 4.51 | 4.0635 | 3.09 |
400 Hz | 3.5768 | 3.56 | 2.2081 | 1.43 | ||
300 m | 50 Hz | 6.0864 | 7.84 | 5.0327 | 6.41 | |
400 Hz | 5.3627 | 7.13 | 4.0636 | 4.51 | ||
500 m | 50 Hz | 6.7936 | 13.06 | 5.9864 | 10.21 | |
400 Hz | 7.2301 | 16.63 | 6.0486 | 11.88 | ||
0201 | 100 m | 50 Hz | 3.6767 | 3.33 | 2.7750 | 2.14 |
400 Hz | 4.5213 | 4.75 | 4.3992 | 4.04 | ||
300 m | 50 Hz | 5.3600 | 9.74 | 4.7712 | 7.84 | |
400 Hz | 5.8099 | 12.11 | 4.8880 | 10.93 | ||
500 m | 50 Hz | 5.2164 | 5.70 | 4.0808 | 1.90 | |
400 Hz | 5.3095 | 6.65 | 3.8610 | 2.61 | ||
0701 | 100 m | 50 Hz | 6.4535 | 11.96 | 5.9976 | 10.53 |
400 Hz | 4.6909 | 5.26 | 4.2114 | 3.59 | ||
300 m | 50 Hz | 5.2250 | 6.46 | 4.4719 | 3.83 | |
400 Hz | 5.4706 | 8.37 | 3.9669 | 5.02 | ||
500 m | 50 Hz | 5.8910 | 13.64 | 5.2886 | 11.72 | |
400 Hz | 5.7010 | 8.61 | 4.8033 | 5.02 | ||
0801 | 100 m | 50 Hz | 4.2503 | 5.50 | 3.8117 | 4.55 |
400 Hz | 4.9431 | 7.18 | 4.7813 | 6.46 | ||
300 m | 50 Hz | 5.8038 | 9.81 | 4.9057 | 7.18 | |
400 Hz | 5.4635 | 9.81 | 3.7415 | 6.46 | ||
500 m | 50 Hz | 4.4016 | 1.91 | 3.8120 | 1.20 | |
400 Hz | 4.8585 | 3.83 | 3.8297 | 1.20 |
Season | Frequency | Unsmoothed Results RMSE (dB) | Smoothed Results RMSE (dB) |
---|---|---|---|
Winter | 50 Hz | 5.2052 | 4.4518 |
400 Hz | 5.3020 | 4.2448 | |
Summer | 50 Hz | 5.3399 | 4.6469 |
400 Hz | 5.1879 | 4.2224 |
Season | SD | Unsmoothed Results RMSE (dB) | Smoothed Results RMSE (dB) |
---|---|---|---|
Winter | 100 m | 3.9682 | 3.3615 |
300 m | 5.6548 | 4.6889 | |
500 m | 6.1374 | 4.9942 | |
Summer | 100 m | 5.0845 | 4.7005 |
300 m | 5.4907 | 4.2715 | |
500 m | 5.2130 | 4.4184 |
Date | SD | Convergence Area 1 | Convergence Area 2 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Forecast | Model | Actual | Forecast | Model | Actual | ||
0101 | 100 m | 68 | 75 | 95 | 484 | 450 | 440 |
300 m | 402 | 465 | 435 | 733 | 710 | 700 | |
500 m | 739 | 755 | 500 | 943 | 925 | 800 | |
0201 | 100 m | 332 | 380 | 290 | 499 | 500 | 495 |
300 m | 326 | 375 | 320 | 676 | 690 | 620 | |
500 m | none | none | none | none | none | none | |
0701 | 100 m | 255 | 335 | 200 | 564 | 580 | 490 |
300 m | 698 | 670 | 545 | 790 | 795 | 755 | |
500 m | 959 | 945 | none | 996 | 965 | none | |
0801 | 100 m | 332 | 295 | 225 | 484 | 440 | 430 |
300 m | 637 | 635 | 580 | 691 | 680 | 670 | |
500 m | none | none | none | none | none | none |
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Liu, Y.; Chen, W.; Chen, W.; Chen, Y.; Ma, L.; Meng, Z. Reconstruction of Ocean Front Model Based on Sound Speed Clustering and Its Effectiveness in Ocean Acoustic Forecasting. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8461. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188461
Liu Y, Chen W, Chen W, Chen Y, Ma L, Meng Z. Reconstruction of Ocean Front Model Based on Sound Speed Clustering and Its Effectiveness in Ocean Acoustic Forecasting. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(18):8461. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188461
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Yuyao, Wei Chen, Wen Chen, Yu Chen, Lina Ma, and Zhou Meng. 2021. "Reconstruction of Ocean Front Model Based on Sound Speed Clustering and Its Effectiveness in Ocean Acoustic Forecasting" Applied Sciences 11, no. 18: 8461. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188461
APA StyleLiu, Y., Chen, W., Chen, W., Chen, Y., Ma, L., & Meng, Z. (2021). Reconstruction of Ocean Front Model Based on Sound Speed Clustering and Its Effectiveness in Ocean Acoustic Forecasting. Applied Sciences, 11(18), 8461. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11188461