Perspective Compounds for Immobilization of Spent Electrolyte from Pyrochemical Processing of Spent Nuclear Fuel
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Procedures
2.1.1. Synthesis of Low-Temperature MPP Compound
2.1.2. Synthesis of NAFP Glass
2.1.3. Synthesis of High-Temperature Ceramics Based on Bentonite
2.2. Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Characterization of the Synthesised Compounds Containing Chlorides
3.2. Mechanical, Thermal and Radiation Resistance of Materials
3.3. Hydrolytic Resistance of the Materials
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Element | Phase #1 | Phase #2 | Phase #3 | Phase #4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mg | 16.1 | 16.2 | - | 7.9 |
P | 18.0 | 17.2 | - | 21.4 |
K | 11.4 | 8.4 | 41.0 | 7.6 |
Cs | 0.1 | 2.5 | - | - |
Sr | - | - | - | 0.9 |
Ba | - | - | - | 1.0 |
La | - | - | - | 10.9 |
Cl | 0.9 | 0.8 | 55.0 | 3.4 |
O | 53.6 | 54.8 | 3.9 | 46.9 |
Element | Calculated | SEM-EDS | XRF |
---|---|---|---|
Na | 15.4 | 14.2 | 15.2 |
P | 20.7 | 21.7 | 20.1 |
Fe | 9.3 | 8.7 | 10.0 |
Al | 4.5 | 5.4 | 4.8 |
Cs | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 |
K | 1.6 | 1.8 | 1.6 |
Li | 0.4 | - | - |
La | 1.7 | 1.7 | 2.3 |
Sr | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.4 |
Ba | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Cl | 5.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 |
O | 40.2 | 42.4 | 41.6 |
Si | - | 1.2 | 1.4 |
Element | Phase #1 | Phase #2 | Phase #3 |
---|---|---|---|
Na | 5.2 | 1.6 | 30.1 |
P | 24.3 | 19.7 | 5.5 |
Fe | 13.5 | 27.8 | 6.2 |
Al | 4.7 | 3.7 | 0.9 |
K | 2.1 | 2.2 | - |
Cs | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 |
La | 2.5 | 3.1 | 0.8 |
Sr | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 |
Ba | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 |
Cl | 2.1 | 0.4 | 35.0 |
O | 43.4 | 39.4 | 20.6 |
Si | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.3 |
Samples | Test Parameters | Compressive Strength, MPa |
---|---|---|
Initial sample | - | 51.3 ± 7.3 |
After thermal tests | Thermal treatment at 450 °C | 50.9 ± 6.9 |
After irradiation tests (irradiation by electrons) | 107 Gy | 41.5 ± 8.4 |
108 Gy | 48.3 ± 6.8 | |
109 Gy | 39.9 ± 5.7 |
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Kulikova, S.A.; Danilov, S.S.; Matveenko, A.V.; Frolova, A.V.; Belova, K.Y.; Petrov, V.G.; Vinokurov, S.E.; Myasoedov, B.F. Perspective Compounds for Immobilization of Spent Electrolyte from Pyrochemical Processing of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 11180. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311180
Kulikova SA, Danilov SS, Matveenko AV, Frolova AV, Belova KY, Petrov VG, Vinokurov SE, Myasoedov BF. Perspective Compounds for Immobilization of Spent Electrolyte from Pyrochemical Processing of Spent Nuclear Fuel. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(23):11180. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311180
Chicago/Turabian StyleKulikova, Svetlana A., Sergey S. Danilov, Anna V. Matveenko, Anna V. Frolova, Kseniya Y. Belova, Vladimir G. Petrov, Sergey E. Vinokurov, and Boris F. Myasoedov. 2021. "Perspective Compounds for Immobilization of Spent Electrolyte from Pyrochemical Processing of Spent Nuclear Fuel" Applied Sciences 11, no. 23: 11180. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311180