Analysis of a Preliminary Design Approach for Conformal Lattice Structures
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. NURBS Free-Form Deformation Approach for Conformal Wireframe
- A regular wireframe based on the repetition along the X-, Y-, and Z-axis is generated. The number of instances is 14 cells along the Z-direction, 10 cells along the X-direction, and 4 cells along Y-direction for the BC, BCC, and WG. However, for the DA, the instances along the X-direction are 6 to maintain the aspect ratio (Figure 3a);
- A 3D NURBS volume is built around the wireframe using the Cage-Edit command. In the case study, the cage is governed by 5 control points in X-direction, 2 control points in Y-direction, and 3 control points in Z-direction (Figure 3b).
2.2. Structural Size Optimization
2.3. Beam Approach for Linear Structural Analysis
- Karamba3D (1.3.3) plug-in with Rhinoceros 7 (7.8.2) [54]. Karamba3D is a parametric structural engineering tool that performs structural analyses of spatial trusses, frames, and shells, and it is fully embedded in the parametric environment of Grasshopper, the visual programming language inside Rhinoceros. This makes it easy to combine parameterized geometric models, finite element analyses, and optimization algorithms. Karamba3D has been mostly used in the early stage design [65];
- MSC Patran/Nastran [47]. Patran is a pre-/post-processing software for FEA that provides modeling, meshing, analysis setup, and post processing for solvers. Nastran is a multidisciplinary structural solver for accurate static, dynamic, and thermal analyses;
- Ansys 2020 R1 Mechanical [44]. Ansys is an FEA software tool for multidisciplinary simulation with a common platform, ANSYS Workbench, that can connect the tools together. As for Nastran, ANSYS Mechanical is the dedicated tool for multidisciplinary structural analyses.
- The node coordinates list contains the cartesian coordinates of all the nodes of the structure;
- The beam connection list contains the indexes of the starting and ending node of each beam of the structure;
- The beam size list contains the diameter of the cross-section of each beam of the structure.
- The load, constraints, and material are added inside the CAE environment and correspond to the boundary conditions of the structural size optimization (Figure 4):
- Two load cases: 7.5 kN (traction) and -10 kN (compression) applied to the nodes of the beams connected to the big rod’s end;
- The displacements along the X- and Y-direction of the nodes of the beams connected to the big rod’s end are locked;
- The displacements and rotations of the nodes of the beams connected to the small rod’s end are locked;
- Material: AlSi10Mg (Table 2).
3. Results and Discussions
3.1. Conformal Wireframe Modeling
3.2. Structural Size Optimization
3.3. Structural Analysis Validation
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lattice Structure Type | Number of Loaded Nodes | Traction Load (for Each Node) [N] | Compression Load (for Each Node) [N] |
---|---|---|---|
SC | 55 | 136.36 | −181.82 |
BCC | 55 | 136.36 | −181.82 |
WG | 94 | 79.79 | −106.38 |
DA | 20 | 375.00 | −500.00 |
Density | 2700 Kg/m3 |
Young modulus | 68 GPa |
Yield strength | 190 MPa |
Ultimate tensile strength | 335 MPa |
Poisson ratio | 0.30 |
Lattice Structure Type | Number of Nodes | Number of Beams | Total Beams Length [m] | Maxwell’s Rule |
SC | 880 | 2141 | 7.86 | Bending-dominated |
BCC | 1480 | 6937 | 23.27 | Stretching-dominated |
WG | 3841 | 18,124 | 48.22 | Stretching-dominated |
DA | 623 | 1078 | 3.96 | Bending-dominated |
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Dal Fabbro, P.; Rosso, S.; Ceruti, A.; Boscolo Bozza, D.; Meneghello, R.; Concheri, G.; Savio, G. Analysis of a Preliminary Design Approach for Conformal Lattice Structures. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 11449. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311449
Dal Fabbro P, Rosso S, Ceruti A, Boscolo Bozza D, Meneghello R, Concheri G, Savio G. Analysis of a Preliminary Design Approach for Conformal Lattice Structures. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(23):11449. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311449
Chicago/Turabian StyleDal Fabbro, Pierandrea, Stefano Rosso, Alessandro Ceruti, Diego Boscolo Bozza, Roberto Meneghello, Gianmaria Concheri, and Gianpaolo Savio. 2021. "Analysis of a Preliminary Design Approach for Conformal Lattice Structures" Applied Sciences 11, no. 23: 11449. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311449