Mathematical Tool Based on Breakthrough Curves to Evaluate the Economic Advantages of Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon in Power Plants: A Comparative Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Target Scenarios in the Power Plant
2.2. GAC Samples
2.3. Synthetic Water
2.4. Adsorption (Exhaustion) Experiments
2.5. Desorption (Regeneration) Experiments
2.6. Scaling down the GAC Water Filter
2.7. Breakthrough Curves
Desorption and Adsorption Experiments
- I.
- Measurement of the pH of the solution: (1) original solution of 7.4 wt.% HCl giving (initial concentration of H+); (2) every 20 min, sampling 1 mL of the effluent after elution through GAC; (3) sample was diluted into 100 mL of Milli-Q water to measure the pH (results are displayed in Table 2).
- II.
- The equivalent law is applied according to Equation (7) to determine the actual concentration of the H+ ions in the initial solution () using the measured H+ ions concentration in the diluted solution ().
- III.
- Construction of the breakthrough curve ( versus time.
- I.
- Relationship between hardness of synthetic water (in mg CaCO3/L) and the conductivity (in µS/cm) results in a calibration curve with excellent linear relationship with high regression coefficient of 99.17% (see Figure 2).
- II.
- Conductivity measurements: every 15 min, 1 mL of the effluent solution of the eluent passing through GAC was sampled and diluted into 100 mL of Milli-Q water to measure the conductivity. Initial solution properties are displayed in Table 2.
- III.
- The equivalent law is applied according to Equation (8) to determine the real hardness of the synthetic water solution (in mg CaCO3/L) as function of time:
- IV.
- Construction of the breakthrough curve using the following relation: C/Co (water hardness after filtration)/(initial water hardness) versus time.
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Dynamic Regeneration of Exhausted GAC
3.2. Economic Tool to Evaluate the Advantages of Regeneration
3.3. Exhaustion-Regeneration Performance Equilibria
3.4. Economic Assessment Based on the Proposed Tool
3.5. General Considerations about Other Needed Investment for GAC Regeneration
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Value | Parameter | Value |
---|---|---|---|
D (mm) | 480 | Vexp (m3) | 1.78 × 10−5 |
d (mm) | 1.2 | mGAC-Exh,exp (g) | 8.16 |
D’ (mm) | 25 | (kg · m−3) | 456.5 |
d’ (mm) | 0.063 | mGAC-Virgin,exp (g) | 5.18 |
H (mm) | 700 | (kg · m−3) | 313.7 |
h’(mm) | 36.46 |
Property | Reagent Concentration | |
---|---|---|
Synthetic Water (Adsorption) | HCl (Regeneration) | |
500 mg CaCO3/L | 7.4 wt.% | |
Conductivity, µS/cm | 1468 | 619 |
pH | 7.89 | 1.91 * |
(mg/L) | 1.29 × 10−8 | 1.262 |
0 | 272 | 1.00 | | 0.00 | 1.000 | −0.455 | |
1 | 257 | 0.94 | 1.00 | 0.545 | −0.153 | ||
2 | 223 | 0.85 | 1.94 | 0.401 | −0.078 | ||
3 | 222 | 0.82 | 2.79 | 0.336 | −0.049 | ||
4 | 206 | 0.76 | 3.61 | 0.296 | −0.033 | ||
5 | 155 | 0.57 | 4.36 | 0.271 | −0.019 | ||
6 | 128 | 0.47 | 4.93 | 0.260 | −0.011 | ||
7 | 90 | 0.33 | 5.40 | 0.255 | 0.003 | ||
8 | 70 | 0.26 | 5.74 | 0.256 | 0.014 | ||
9 | 64 | 0.24 | 5.99 | 0.260 | 0.017 | ||
10 | 58 | 0.21 | 6.23 | 0.264 | - |
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Mariño Peacok, T.; Crespo Sariol, H.; Puente Torres, J.; Yperman, J.; Sánchez Roca, Á.; Carleer, R.; Salomón García, L. Mathematical Tool Based on Breakthrough Curves to Evaluate the Economic Advantages of Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon in Power Plants: A Comparative Study. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 11786. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411786
Mariño Peacok T, Crespo Sariol H, Puente Torres J, Yperman J, Sánchez Roca Á, Carleer R, Salomón García L. Mathematical Tool Based on Breakthrough Curves to Evaluate the Economic Advantages of Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon in Power Plants: A Comparative Study. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11(24):11786. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411786
Chicago/Turabian StyleMariño Peacok, Thayset, Harold Crespo Sariol, Jeamichel Puente Torres, Jan Yperman, Ángel Sánchez Roca, Robert Carleer, and Liset Salomón García. 2021. "Mathematical Tool Based on Breakthrough Curves to Evaluate the Economic Advantages of Chemical Regeneration of Activated Carbon in Power Plants: A Comparative Study" Applied Sciences 11, no. 24: 11786. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411786