Single-Carrier Rotation-Interleaved Space-Time Code for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels †
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- A novel single-carrier-based full-rate space-time code construction scheme capable of attaining the maximum space-time-multipath diversity order is investigated. Without resorting to common OFDM-based design, this approach is low in PAPR. In principle, the proposed scheme is general and broadly applicable in the sense that, with proper rotation, it can be adopted for any number of transmit antennas or any type of modulation as well as flexible transmission rate, unlike the previous approaches which are fixated on certain transmission modes.
- In conjunction with the proposed space-time coding scheme, an efficient frequency-domain iterative receiver is developed. This receiver delivers good diversity performance while lowering the receiver complexity significantly. Thus, the proposed scheme may potentially employ powerful STC designed for flat fading channels as its constituent code. In particular, it is capable of outperforming some existing STTCs of comparable complexity which are designed for frequency-selective fading channels.
- Theoretical proofs, especially concerning the construction of our STC scheme and the desired rotations required to achieve full diversity gain, are provided. Simulation results are used to verify the performance gain of the proposed scheme.
2. System Model
3. Rotation-Interleaved Multi-Stream Space-Time Code
- The input data stream is demultiplexed into parallel sub-streams , .
- Each sub-stream is encoded by the same STC encoder. Denote the output codewords from the STC encoder corresponding to different sub-streams as , which are matrices, where .
- Each codeword is multiplied by a phasor to give .
- The codewords from the rotated sub-streams, enter a multiplexer, which does the following. Let , where denotes the ()-th column vector in , i.e., the code symbols transmitted at time t. By multiplexing these column vectors from different rotated STC sub-streams in a time-division fashion (see Figure 2), the super-codeword from the outputs of the multiplexer can now be expressed as
3.1. Symbol-Wise Random Phase Rotation
3.2. Symbol-Wise Deterministic Phase Rotation
- (a)
- BPSK codes
- (1)
- θ is chosen such that is an algebraic number with degree of or greater.
- (2)
- is an algebraic number (i.e., is transcendental).
- (b)
- QPSK/QAM codes
- (1)
- θ is chosen such that is an algebraic number with degree of or greater.
- (2)
- is an algebraic number (i.e., is transcendental).
3.3. Frequency-Domain Iterative Receiver
4. Simulation Results and Discussion
- A.
- Number of multipaths is two ()
- B.
- Number of multipaths is three ()
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Lemmas for Propositions 2 and 3
Appendix B. Frequency Domain Iterative Receiver
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Ng, B.K.; Lam, C.-T. Single-Carrier Rotation-Interleaved Space-Time Code for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 12803. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412803
Ng BK, Lam C-T. Single-Carrier Rotation-Interleaved Space-Time Code for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(24):12803. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412803
Chicago/Turabian StyleNg, Benjamin K., and Chan-Tong Lam. 2022. "Single-Carrier Rotation-Interleaved Space-Time Code for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels" Applied Sciences 12, no. 24: 12803. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412803
APA StyleNg, B. K., & Lam, C. -T. (2022). Single-Carrier Rotation-Interleaved Space-Time Code for Frequency-Selective Fading Channels. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12803. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412803