Expediting the Search for Climate-Resilient Reef Corals in the Coral Triangle with Artificial Intelligence
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview of Approach
2.2. Field Surveys and Sampling
2.3. Coral Sample Analysis
2.4. Data Analysis I-Multivariate Physiology
2.5. Data Analysis II-CHI
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Overview of the Research Cruise
3.2. Coral Physiological Data
Environmental Parameter | n | F | p |
---|---|---|---|
Island | 10 | 2.20 | <0.01a |
Site | 33 | 1.56 | <0.01 |
Latitude | 33 | 0.98 | 0.42 |
Longitude | 33 | 3.24 | 0.02 |
Survey date | 19 | 1.69 | 0.16 |
Survey time | 3 | 0.78 | 0.54 |
Survey depth | 4 | 1.31 | 0.21 |
Reef exposure | 3 | 1.19 | 0.31 |
Reef type | 3 | 1.94 | 0.06 |
Lagoon | 2 | 2.36 | 0.06 |
Reef emergence | 2 | 0.46 | 0.76 |
Reef location | 3 | 1.85 | 0.07 |
Temperature | 13 | 0.63 | 0.64 |
Salinity | 10 | 0.99 | 0.42 |
X’s (#) | Validation Type | Model Type | R2 | Model Details | Most Important Predictor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ENV(11) 1 | NA | Predictor screen | NA | 100 trees | Site (45%) |
ENV(14) 1 | NA | Predictor screen | NA | 100 trees a | Site (37%) |
ENV(14) 1 | Val w test | NN GUI-HL(1) | 0.83 | TanH(1)-Linear(1)-Gaussian(3)-Boost(6) b | Longitude |
ENV(14) 1 | 20% HB | NN GUI-HL(1) | 0.86 | TanH(3)-Linear(1)-Gaussian(1)-Boost(11) c | Date |
ECO(50) 1 | NA | Predictor screen | NA | 100 trees | Turf-sediment (19%) |
ENV(11)+ECO(50) | 10% HB | NN GUI-HL(1) | 0.98 | HL1: TanH(4)-Linear(2)-Gaussian(3)-Boost(8) c,d,e | Reef emergence |
ENV(14)+ECO(50) | 20% HB | NN GUI-HL(1) | 0.92 | TanH(4)-Linear(1)-Boost(11) f | Site |
3.3. Caveats and Future Work
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Model/Analysis Type | Model Y(’s) | Model X’s | Validation Type | Data Location |
---|---|---|---|---|
CORAL PHYSIOLOGICAL DATASET EXPLORATION | ||||
PCA | 12 PRV a | NA | NA | Figure 4a |
MDS | 12 PRV a | NA | NA | Figure 4b |
Factor analysis | 16 PRV | NA | NA | Not shown |
ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ON CORAL PHYSIOLOGY | ||||
NP-MANOVA | 4 PRV factors | ENV 1 | NA | Table 2 |
NIPALS | 4 PRV factors | ENV 1, ENV 2, ENV 3, ENV-RS | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table S1 |
NIPALS | 4 PRV factors | ECO 1, ECO 2, ECO-RS | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table S1 |
NIPALS | 4 PRV factors | (ENV + ECO) 1, (ENV + ECO) 2 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table S1 |
NIPALS | 16 PRV | ENV 1, ENV 2, ENV 3, ENV-RS | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table S1 |
NIPALS | 16 PRV | ECO 1, ECO 2, ECO-RS | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table S1 |
NIPALS | 16 PRV | (ENV + ECO) 1, (ENV + ECO) 2 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table S1 |
Predictor screen | CHI | ENV 1 | NA | Figure 4c |
Model screen | CHI | ENV 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
NN GUI-HL(1) | CHI | ENV 1, ENV 2, ENV 3, ENV-RS | Kfold7, val col, val w/test, 20% HB | Table 3 and Table S2 |
NN GUI-HL(2) | CHI | ENV 1, ENV 2, ENV 3, ENV-RS | Kfold7, val col, val w/test, 20% HB | Table 3 and Table S2 |
NIPALS | CHI | ENV 1, ENV 2, ENV 3, ENV-RS | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON CORAL PHYSIOLOGY | ||||
Predictor screen | CHI | ECO 1 | NA | Table 3 and Table S2 |
Model screen | CHI | ECO 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
NN GUI-HL(1) | CHI | ECO 1, ECO(15) 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test, 20% HB | Table 3 and Table S2 |
NN GUI-HL(2) | CHI | ECO 1, ECO(15) 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
NIPALS | CHI | ECO 1, ECO(15) 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
ENVIRONMENTAL + ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON CORAL PHYSIOLOGY | ||||
Predictor screen | CHI | ENV 1 + ECO 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
Model screen | CHI | ENV 1 + ECO 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
NN GUI-HL(1) | CHI | ENV 1 + ECO 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
NN GUI-HL(2) | CHI | ENV 1 + ECO 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
NIPALS | CHI | ENV 1 + ECO 1 | Kfold7, val col, val w/test | Table 3 and Table S2 |
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Mayfield, A.B.; Dempsey, A.C.; Chen, C.-S.; Lin, C. Expediting the Search for Climate-Resilient Reef Corals in the Coral Triangle with Artificial Intelligence. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 12955. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412955
Mayfield AB, Dempsey AC, Chen C-S, Lin C. Expediting the Search for Climate-Resilient Reef Corals in the Coral Triangle with Artificial Intelligence. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(24):12955. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412955
Chicago/Turabian StyleMayfield, Anderson B., Alexandra C. Dempsey, Chii-Shiarng Chen, and Chiahsin Lin. 2022. "Expediting the Search for Climate-Resilient Reef Corals in the Coral Triangle with Artificial Intelligence" Applied Sciences 12, no. 24: 12955. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412955
APA StyleMayfield, A. B., Dempsey, A. C., Chen, C. -S., & Lin, C. (2022). Expediting the Search for Climate-Resilient Reef Corals in the Coral Triangle with Artificial Intelligence. Applied Sciences, 12(24), 12955. https://doi.org/10.3390/app122412955