Automated Classification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Cardiac MRI
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Dataset
2.2. Model Architecture
- Short-axis images from the apex to the base at different stages of the cardiac cycle;
- Long-axis, two-chamber images at different stages of the cardiac cycle (heart beat);
- Long-axis, three-chamber images at different stages of the cardiac cycle;
- Long-axis, four-chamber images at different stages of the cardiac cycle.
2.3. Preprocessing and Data Augmentation
2.4. Training Scheme
2.5. Human Evaluation
3. Results
3.1. Results of Human-Evaluation
3.2. Performance of the Algorithm
3.3. Ablation Study
- 1.
- Model selection;
- 2.
- Data preprocessing;
- 3.
- Hyper-parameter setting.
4. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A. Standardization
Appendix B. Parameters
Parameter | Value |
---|---|
batch size | 16 |
learning rate | 0.0005 |
optimizer | AdamW |
input shape | 150 × 150 |
max angle | 8 |
Appendix C. Example Images
References
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Block | Block Name | Cin | Cout | Kernel Size |
---|---|---|---|---|
TC1 | ResBlockPooling | 6 | 3 | (3, 3, 1) |
TC2 | Linear | L | 2 | - |
Scores | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | Mean |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall | 89.7 | 91.5 | 91.5 | 88.0 | 89.7 | 90.6 | 90.0 |
Hyp-Norm | 92.8 | 95.7 | 91.3 | 94.2 | 89.9 | 94.2 | 93.0 |
HCM | 85.4 | 89.6 | 91.7 | 85.4 | 93.8 | 85.4 | 88.6 |
Precision | 97.8 | 97.9 | 88.9 | 92.3 | 87.3 | 95.8 | 93.3 |
Recall | 93.6 | 95.8 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 97.9 | 97.9 |
F1 | 95.7 | 96.8 | 94.1 | 96.0 | 93.2 | 96.8 | 95.4 |
Cases | F1 | Precision | Recall |
---|---|---|---|
only LA2 | 90 | 86 | 92 |
only LA4 | 86 | 81 | 90 |
only LA3 | 91 | 86 | 92 |
only SA | 86 | 90 | 83 |
all LAs | 89 | 84 | 90 |
LA+SA | 91 | 88 | 96 |
v. LA+SA | 93 | 91 | 94 |
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Budai, A.; Suhai, F.I.; Csorba, K.; Dohy, Z.; Szabo, L.; Merkely, B.; Vago, H. Automated Classification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Cardiac MRI. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12, 4151. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094151
Budai A, Suhai FI, Csorba K, Dohy Z, Szabo L, Merkely B, Vago H. Automated Classification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Cardiac MRI. Applied Sciences. 2022; 12(9):4151. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094151
Chicago/Turabian StyleBudai, Adam, Ferenc Imre Suhai, Kristof Csorba, Zsofia Dohy, Liliana Szabo, Bela Merkely, and Hajnalka Vago. 2022. "Automated Classification of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Cardiac MRI" Applied Sciences 12, no. 9: 4151. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094151