A Methodology for Identifying Coastal Cultural Heritage Assets Exposed to Future Sea Level Rise Scenarios
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Data Collection and Preprocessing
- A vector file depicting the coastline of Mediterranean European countries.
- Digital Elevation Information/Digital Elevation Model.
- Information on vertical ground movement in the area of interest.
- Information on the projections of Sea Level Change for 2050 and 2100 under IPCC scenarios 2.6, 4.5 and 8.5.
2.2.1. Coastline Information
2.2.2. Digital Elevation Models
2.2.3. Vertical Ground Motion Data
- Basic/L2a: This category provides line-of-sight velocity maps—in descending and ascending satellite orbits—including geolocalization and quality measures per point. These products refer to a local reference point.
- Calibrated/L2b: Compared to the basic level of products, the calibrated ones are absolute in value since they do not refer to a local reference point. They include line-of-sight velocity maps referenced to a model derived from GNSS time-series data.
- Ortho/L3: This level of products includes components of motion (horizontal and vertical) anchored to the reference geodetic model. These products follow a raster format of 100 m resolution.
2.2.4. Sea Level Change Projections
2.2.5. Coastal Cultural Heritage
2.3. Methodology Workflow
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Country | Coastline (km) |
---|---|
Greece | 17,277.92 |
Italy | 14,673.59 |
Spain | 6835.66 |
Croatia | 5798.06 |
France | 5559.29 |
Cyprus | 737.39 |
Malta | 255.63 |
Slovenia | 55.57 |
2050 | 2100 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCP 2.6 | RCP 4.5 | RCP 8.5 | RCP 26 | RCP 4.5 | RCP 8.5 | |
Croatia | 1.91 | 2.21 | 2.47 | 5.73 | 7.82 | 10.68 |
Cyprus | 3.40 | 3.59 | 3.88 | 9.20 | 10.53 | 12.69 |
France | 56.49 | 63.91 | 68 | 109.47 | 114.82 | 121.84 |
Greece | 68.10 | 73.11 | 81.02 | 173.53 | 186.26 | 204.83 |
Italy | 48.00 | 56.41 | 59.42 | 75.20 | 124.54 | 159.92 |
Malta | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.28 | 0.39 | 0.55 |
Slovenia | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.20 | 0.30 | 0.54 | 0.70 |
Spain | 18.64 | 21.04 | 21.52 | 36.01 | 41.75 | 51.15 |
Total: | 196.81 | 220.55 | 236.60 | 409.73 | 486.66 | 562.37 |
Location | Mean Velocity (mm/Year) | Mean Velocity (St.D) |
---|---|---|
Rhodes (GR) | −1.46 | 0.31 |
Santorini (GR) | 1.14 | 0.24 |
Samos (GR) | 12.84 | 1.62 |
Delos (GR) | −0.28 | 0.17 |
Napoli (IT) | −1.75 | 0.28 |
Sicily (IT) | −1.08 | 0.38 |
Mallorca (ES) | −1.35 | 0.05 |
Barcelona (ES) | −1.45 | 0.01 |
Marseille (FR) | −1.26 | 0.01 |
Nice (FR) | −0.91 | 0.02 |
Dubrovnik (CR) | −2.44 | 0.22 |
Hvar (CR) | −1.01 | 0.21 |
Paphos (CY) | −1.37 | 0.21 |
Malta (MLT) | −1.91 | 0.25 |
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Chalkidou, S.; Georgiadis, C.; Roustanis, T.; Patias, P. A Methodology for Identifying Coastal Cultural Heritage Assets Exposed to Future Sea Level Rise Scenarios. Appl. Sci. 2024, 14, 7210. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167210
Chalkidou S, Georgiadis C, Roustanis T, Patias P. A Methodology for Identifying Coastal Cultural Heritage Assets Exposed to Future Sea Level Rise Scenarios. Applied Sciences. 2024; 14(16):7210. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167210
Chicago/Turabian StyleChalkidou, Sevasti, Charalampos Georgiadis, Themistoklis Roustanis, and Petros Patias. 2024. "A Methodology for Identifying Coastal Cultural Heritage Assets Exposed to Future Sea Level Rise Scenarios" Applied Sciences 14, no. 16: 7210. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14167210